solar irradiance Articles
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Classification of daily solar irradiation by fractional analysis of 10-min-means of solar irradiance
This paper deals with fractal analysis of daily solar irradiances measured with a time step of 10 minutes at Golden and Boulder located in Colorado. The aim is to estimate the fractal dimensions in order to perform classification of daily solar irradiances. The estimated fractal dimension and the clearness index KT are used as classification criteria. The results show that these criteria lead to ...
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Influence of anatase and rutile phase in TiO2 upon the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under solar irradiation in presence of activated carbon
The influence of activated carbon (AC) on the photocatalytic activity of different crystalline TiO2 phases was verified in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV and solar irradiation. The results showed a volcano trend with a maximum photoactivity for the crystalline phase ratio of anatase:rutile equal to 80:20 both under UV or solar irradiation. By contrast, in presence of ...
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Vertically solar irradiation exergy changes in the different layers of atmosphere
The thermodynamic characteristics of solar irradiation in the different layers of atmosphere are investigated from a perspective based on exergy. It is known that the main energy source of photovoltaic (PV) cells, solar power satellites and solar thermal devices is the solar irradiance incident on modules. To evaluate the exergy efficiency of PV cells, therefore, firstly we need the exergy of the ...
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Removal of humic substances using solar irradiation followed by granular activated carbon adsorption
This study proposed a new method using freely available sunlight and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption for enhanced removal of humic substances (HS). Experiments were carried out under natural sunlight conditions in winter and summer. A parabolic solar collector (PC) was applied to concentrate solar energy. HS were characterized by UV254 absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ...
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Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Reactive Black 5 in aqueous suspension of TiO2
Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants under solar light irradiation is an economically viable process and a very promising clean wastewater treatment technology. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) under natural sunlight irradiation with TiO2 as photocatalyst. The effects of initial concentration of RB5, dosage of TiO2, with/without solar ...
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Studies on hydrothermally synthesised zinc oxide nanorod arrays for their enhanced visible light photocatalysis
Photocatalytic activities of hydrothermally synthesised ZnO nanorod films in synergism with visible light have been studied. Influence of each of the synthesis parameters, like concentration of precursor solution, relative concentration of hexamine and zinc nitrate, growth time, growth temperature, pre–growth seeding, post–growth annealing, concentration and pH of the contaminant ...
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Synergistic effect of heat and solar UV on DNA damage and water disinfection of
E. coli and bacteriophage MS2The response of a representative virus and indicator bacteria to heating, solar irradiation, or their combination, was investigated in a controlled solar simulator and under real sun conditions. Heating showed higher inactivation of Escherichia coli compared to the bacteriophage MS2. Heating combined with natural or simulated solar irradiation demonstrated a synergistic effect on the ...
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Modelling and prediction of global, direct and diffuse hourly solar irradiance
In this paper, a model for predicting hourly global, diffuse and direct solar irradiance is described. A dataset of measured air temperature, relative humidity, direct, diffuse and global horizontal irradiance for Madinah site (Saudi Arabia) were used in this study. Several combinations have been proposed, and the best performance is obtained by using sunshine duration, air temperature and ...
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Disinfection of roof harvested rainwater for potable purpose using pilot-scale solar photocatalytic fixed bed tubular reactor
The potable use of harvested rainwater is limited, mainly due to contamination with various pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection of microorganisms by solar photocatalysis is emerging as a promising technique for drinking water treatment. The present study deals with the preparation of Ag-doped TiO2 by the sol gel method, and its immobilization over the inner surface of the Pyrex glass ...
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CuO/ZnO coupled oxide films obtained by the electrodeposition technique and their photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation under solar irradiation
CuO/ZnO coupled oxide films were electrodeposited onto an aluminum substrate and tested as photocatalysts in degradation of phenol molecules in aqueous solution under sunlight. The obtained films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of films was significant, ...
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Spatial and temporal variability of fecal indicator bacteria in an urban stream under different meteorological regimes
As a representative urban stream in Korea, the Gwangju (GJ) stream suffers from chronic fecal contamination. In this study, to characterize levels of fecal pollution in the GJ stream, the monthly monitoring data for seven years (from 2001 to 2007) and the hourly monitoring data from two field experiments were examined with respect to seasonal/daily variations and spatial distribution under wet ...
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Influence of solar water disinfection on immunity against cholera – a review
Cholera remains a problem in developing countries. This is attributed to the unavailability of proper water treatment, sanitary infrastructure and poor hygiene. As a consequence, countries facing cholera outbreaks rely on interventions such as the use of oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics to save lives. In addition to vaccination, the provision of chlorine tablets and hygiene ...
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A short overview of the state of the art and perspectives on the main basic factors hindering the development of photocatalytic treatment of water
This brief overview focuses on three of the main basic phenomena limiting the applications of photocatalysis using semiconductors for the treatment of water, so that this technology has really not gone beyond the demonstration stage aside from niche applications. These phenomena are: the recombination of photogenerated charges; the adsorption of trace organic pollutants; the spectral range of ...
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Photoinduced toxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with different surface coatings to Escherichia coli
Quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles are increasingly used for various biomedical applications. To increase their biocompatibility, QDs are frequently coated with different surface coatings. Since QDs are photoactive under UV irradiation and may lead to oxidative stress, in this study the photoinduced toxicities of CdSe/ZnS QDs with three different coatings at three different wavelengths (530, 580 and ...
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Removal of Pb2+ and Fe3+ from water using N-TiO2 blended copolymer grafted asymmetric membranes
The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo-catalytic properties of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nano-particles supported on polymer membranes in the photo-reduction of Fe3+ and Pb2+ from synthetic wastewater. The morphology of the prepared N-TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Successful grafting of methacrylic acid side chains onto poly(vinylidene ...
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Climate variations for the last millennium
Variability and long-term climate change in the Baltic Sea region have been investigated in a 1000-year long climate model simulation. For the first time long-term climate variations over the region have been simulated with a regional climate model. Solar variability, changes in orbital parameters and changes in greenhouse gases over the last millennium are used to force the models. The results ...
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Superiority of solar Fenton oxidation over TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation of trimethoprim in secondary treated effluents
The overall aim of this work was to examine the degradation of trimethoprim (TMP), which is an antibacterial agent, during the application of two advanced oxidation process (AOP) systems in secondary treated domestic effluents. The homogeneous solar Fenton process (hv/Fe2+/H2O2) and heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspensions were tested. It was found that the ...
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Ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton treatment of natural rubber latex wastewaters
This study evaluated a ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process for natural rubber latex wastewater treatment. The reaction was carried out in a laboratory-scale solar photo-Fenton plug flow baffle reactor. An optimization study was performed using a central composite experimental design including the following variables: pH, initial concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+, and oxalic acid. The ...
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Seasonal influence of environmental variables and artificial aeration on Escherichia coli in small urban lakes
This study investigated patterns of Escherichia coli in urban lakes in Lubbock, Texas. Specific objectives were to (1) document seasonal patterns in abundance of E. coli over a 3-year period, (2) identify environmental factors, including effects of migratory geese and artificial aeration devices that may influence E. coli abundance, and (3) determine if E. coli abundance over time was similar ...
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