stack gas Articles
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Exergy analysis of process heaters
A thermodynamic analysis is proposed to investigate the entropy generation in process heaters. It is found that the major portion of the exergy losses occur in the stack. It is also found that the excess air decreases the first law efficiency while the second law efficiency remains nearly constant. Although the first law efficiency is found to be of the order of 70-90%, the second law efficiency ...
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Continuous monitoring of the performance of a NOx reduction system using electrochemical sensors
Abstract The efficiency of a NOx removal system is continuously measured using a TüVapproved analyser coupled to a high-temperature sampling system. Both NO and NO2 are measured directly using electrochemical sensors without the need to convert NO2 to NO. It is important to measure both components separately since the ratio of NO to NO2 in stack gas is much smaller after NOx removal. The ...
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Stack gas VOC monitoring
POLLUTION S.r.l. manufactures POLARIS FID analyzer, a cutting-edge technology for the measurement of total hydrocarbons in ambient air and stack emission monitoring in accordance with EN 13526 and EN 12619. This analyser is based on Flame Ionization Detection (FID), a reference method technique to measure total hydrocarbons (THC, VOC, TOC). Polaris FID is a very handy instrument because it allows ...
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The Big Three - On-line monitoring of green house gases
ABSTRACT National emissions regulations have historically targeted the common stack gas pollutants which have long been known to cause damage to health or ecology, but there is growing concern about the long term effects on the world’s climate from what were hitherto less obvious pollutants. The Kyoto Protocol has identified six gaseous pollutants as “green house gases” and the ...
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FTIR resolution requirements for industrial gas analyzers
FTIR Spectroscopy is a widely used technique for gas analyses in industrial applications. It is a technique used in the semiconductor industry for measuring the purity of cleaning, etching, and epi-treatment gases used with various process tools, reactors, and abatement devices. Among chemical companies and R&D facilities, FTIR is applied to combustion thermodynamics and stack gas emissions; ...
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New developments in long-term sampling of dioxins
Introduction The emissions of Dioxins and Furans (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans, PCDF/Ds) from industrial sources are still one of the most important issues discussed in public, politics and industry. Due to the fact that environmental regulations are on the way to be harmonised in the EU countries, the measurements of those compounds in the stack gas of e. g. waste ...
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What do a Swiss army knife and an FTIR stack gas analyzer have in common?
Many people love to leave the city behind and go camping or hiking in the wilderness. Of course, packing for a trip like that can be a challenge. You might need a hatchet to chop down dead trees for firewood, a shovel for digging holes, a waterproof container for matches and first-aid supplies, a hammer for pounding in tent stakes, a flashlight, a knife, a compass, and many other tools. Fitting ...
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New, low gas absorption, electronic water condenser for use in gas analyzer sample conditioning systems featuring the “m class” electronic water condenser
INTRODUCTION Electronic water condensers are an effective means of removing water in combustion waste gas streams and process samples, prior to analyzing with a gas analyzer. In recent years, electronic water condenser have found prevalent use in Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS). As air quality regulations have required lower emission levels for criteria pollutants (N0x, S0x, C0, ...
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AMETEK PI wins stack gas/emissions analyzer category bronze medal award in control magazine reader choice awards
Every single interaction between customer and supplier is an oppor-tunity for providing good solutions. After awhile, these positive mo-ments really begin to add up. Despite the huge effort and extreme consistency required, the best vendors almost re¬ exively deliver useful products and services, and con-tinually develop and release new improvements and innovations. Con-sequently, over ...
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Measurement method for determination of the ratio of biogenic and fossil-derived CO2 in stack gas
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a measurement method for sampling and analysis of the ratio of biogenic and fossil-derived CO2 in stack gases from the combustion of mixed fossil and biogenic fuels. The measurement method was developed as a part of a project performed for Energinet.dk and the association of waste incineration and treatment plants in Denmark. The methodology for sampling and ...
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Analyzing Stack Gas Semivolatiles, Using Supelpak-2 Adsorbents and Capillary GC (Modified Method 5, US EPA SW-846)
The demanding detection limits required for air sampling by Modified Method 5 (US EPA SW-846, Method 0010) necessitates extensive cleaning and meticulous handling of the adsorbent cartridge/trap during sampling and analysis. Supelpak-2 adsorbent is cleaned in accordance with and meets the purity criteria of EPA SW-846, Method 0010, for testing semivolatile emissions from incinerator stationary ...
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On-line analysis of copper foundry’s stack gas composition by low resolution ft-ir gas analyser
ABSTRACT Stack gases of a copper foundry's after-burner were measured on-site by low resolution FT-IR gas analyser. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O) were continuously measured for a period of three days. Validation of the method included laboratory determination of ...
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Continuous monitoring of hazardous smokestack metal emissions using inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Introduction Emission of hazardous air pollutant metals from the smokestacks of boilers, incinerators, and furnaces has become a matter of significant environmental concern and the object of increased regulatory scrutiny. At issue, is the ability of large-scale combustors such as these to maintain operation in compliance with the regulatory restrictions put in place to safeguard the public from ...
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ADMS 5 Buildings Validation AGA Experiments
The American Gas Association (AGA) experiments1 [1] occurred during spring and summer 1980 at gas compressor stations in Texas and Kansas. At each test facility, one of the gas compressor stacks was retrofitted to accommodate SF6 tracer gas emissions. In addition, stack height extensions were provided for some of the experiments (with the normal stack height close to 10 m). The stack height to ...
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Axetris` laser gas detection module LGD F200 provides affordable H2O measurement - Case study
Increased CEMS Reliability with Direct Measurement of H2O Axetris' laser gas detection module LGD F200 provides an affordable solution for continuous H20 measurement. Pollutant gases such as S02, NO, CO, HF, HCI and dust are products of combustion that are regulated by national environmental protection agencies. Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) are used to permanently measure ...
By Axetris AG
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Technical Challenges of Continuous Mercury Emissions Monitoring
Many pollutants such as CO2, NOx and SO2 have been monitored continuously already for decades. In the last years the awareness for the need to measure mercury has also grown, and continuous mercury monitoring is becoming more and more relevant. Especially industries burning coal, oil or waste, share the responsibility to monitor their mercury emissions. All measuring techniques need to be able ...
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Comparative sensitivity study for operational short range atmospheric dispersion models
Eight atmospheric dispersion models are compared in a sensitivity study in which the responses towards variations in model input parameters are evaluated. For a single source the values of eight practical model input parameters are varied. The model response is evaluated by examining the maximum value of the 98th percentile of the hourly averaged concentration values. The results are represented ...
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The importance of monitoring PCDD/F in the stack-gas emissions from the combustion of certain types of solid biofuels
The increasing use of indigenous renewable energy sources (RES) for energy aims to meet the targets set up by the European Union (EU) regarding energy and climate change policies. Thus, biomass combustion has become more and more attractive. In 2012, biomass already represented 55% of the entire renewable share in the primary energy production in Portugal. Although the emissions from biomass ...
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Monitoring stack gas emissions of volatile trace elements, sulphur dioxide and pm10 particulates from coal-fired stoker systems
ABSTRACT A good deal of industrial coal combustion in New Zealand uses low ash highly alkaline subbituminous coals on stoker type units for raising process heat - substantially different coals, conditions and requirements for those most commonly used globally. Emissions control is typically by inertial grit arrestors (multicyclones). Emissions of interest include levels of toxic trace volatile ...
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Combining Spectroscopy and Separation Science in Process and Emissions Monitoring
ABSTRACT Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy provides rapid real-time analysis of many species of interest to industrial monitoring. In some applications, the presence of other interfering species obfuscates the measurement of interest and makes accurate and reliable analysis of trace components difficult. The use of auto-carrier, frontal elution chromatography in conjunction with a process ...
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