surface measurement Articles

Monitoring water levels can have numerous environmental benefits and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Below we will discuss some of the common applications water level monitoring devices, as well as some of the valuable insights that recording this can reveal. Remote water level monitoring Whereas ...

Jun. 29, 2018

By Aquaread Limited

Evapotranspiration (ET) represents the loss of water from the Earth’s surface from the combination of direct evaporation and plant transpiration. ET is usually expressed as a rate such as inches per day. Knowledge of ET is important for irrigation scheduling but it is also an important factor for other land use applications such as septic tank drain fields, watershed level budgeting, and ...

Jun. 7, 2018

By Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.

An automated float method for measuring slurry surface settlement is described. The system consists of a Perspex float which is denser than water but lighter than the slurry into which it penetrates slightly and floats on the slurry/water interface. Settlement of this float is then automatically tracked using an LVDT. Comparison with direct cathetometer measurement demonstrates that except for ...

Jun. 1, 1990

By ASTM International

A reliable measurement of free-field stress waves from transient loading has several important applications, for example, in the design of effective wave barriers to protect sensitive equipment and in the design of underground protective structures against explosive loading, to name a few. The characteristics of a stress wave are highly dependent on the energy source and the soil medium through ...

Sep. 1, 1996

By ASTM International

Hourly measurements of ozone concentration in the urban atmosphere of Istanbul were carried out from February 1998 to July 1999. An assessment of the annual variations and relationships of ozone concentrations and meteorological variables was made. Annual variations were first examined without considering meteorological variables, and meteorological influences on ozone seasonal values were then ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Customer: Confidential Application: A research team needed to study the levels and variations of one of the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) along the ocean surfaces. The research team required CO2 analysers to be installed in commercial ocean liners to monitor the “dry” level of ...

Jun. 12, 2015

By Ecotech Pty Ltd

The subject of torque measurement has previously been addressed extensively. Most of the existing transducers either rely on low voltage analogue systems (e.g. conventional resistive strain gauge) or complicated mechanical assemblies by physically assessing displacement, i.e. optical systems. This paper identifies a new, potentially low cost, non-contact, frequency domain strain torque sensor1 ...

Jul. 23, 2008

By Sensor Technology Ltd

Due to its complexity, the state of a turbulent atmosphere can only be described using statistical quantities such as means, variances, and covariances. Computation of these statistical quantities, particularly those of higher order, must be done with considerable care. This is particularly true if the statistics are used to depict heat and momentum fluxes. This note contains considerations that ...

Jan. 1, 2003

By Applied Technologies, Inc. (ATI)

Vertical gradients of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured over a maize field and a soybean field in 1995 and 1996, respectively, in the Lower Coastal Plains of North Carolina. The measurements over the maize field were conducted in its early growth period, during May 1995, and the measurements over the soybean field were conducted in its middle and later growth periods during July ...

Jan. 5, 2005

By Inderscience Publishers

Methane emissions from landfill were estimated to account for around 3% of the UK‟s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2009. The reported figure for methane emissions from landfill in the UK represents 41.5% of all UK methane emissions. The IPCC guidelines indicate that measurement of methane emissions is necessary to validate models and to provide confidence in country specific model ...

Aug. 1, 2012

By National Physical Laboratory (NPL)

Machine vision method was used to measure the surface roughness for different Φ38 mm grinding axes in different ambient light conditions. To analyse the effect of ambient light, a method based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix was applied at the first step. Then, a new calculation method was proposed to minimise the effect of ambient light during measurement. At the calibration stage, ...

Aug. 19, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Phosphorus is the decisive factor for excessive algae and plant growth in water bodies, that’s why quality standards require reductions in the amount of phosphorus released from wastewater treatment plants into rivers and lakes. In recent years, the outlet limit values have not only been reduced on national levels. Depending on the vulnerability of ecosystems, especially low target values ...

Sep. 15, 2016

By Endress Hauser AG

InAs nanostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (111)B and (211)B substrates at various growth temperatures between 450°C and 530°C. Their structural properties were studied by atomic force microscopy. For the (111)B grown nanostructures, the formation of self-aligned InAs quantum dashes was revealed, which in some cases took the form of nanowires. In the (211)B case, the shape ...

Dec. 1, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

The suitability of a smartphone camera for the structure from motion (SfM) reconstruction for monitoring variations in soil surface characteristics and soil loss originated by a low intensity erosive event was evaluated. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to validate the SfM model. Two surveys of the soil surface, one before and one after the rainfall event, were carried out for SfM and ...

Mar. 2, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Safe operation of a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) requires careful monitoring of the water supply influent to the plant, as a guard for any substances entering the treatment works that could negatively impact treated water quality in the distribution system. One aspect of water quality that has recently garnered more attention from authorities and utilities is Natural Organic Matter (NOM), which ...

May 8, 2018

By MANTECH Inc.

In order to study pollutants dispersion in a stably stratified surface layer at small scales, a pollutants dispersion field experiment programme is being conducted on the site SIRTA in the southern suburb of Paris. In a preliminary campaign held during the winter of 2012 with continuous gas releases, we had 12 ultrasonic anemometers measuring wind velocity and temperature at 10 Hz, and six ...

Dec. 1, 2014

By Inderscience Publishers

Thirty-odd years later, the A380 – the widest commercial airliner available today with seating for 525 passengers – will be entering into service. It is another testament to Airbus’ commitment to innovation and intelligent design. Therefore, Airbus came to Brüel & Kjær for the development of a transducer they could invariably use to measure sound pressure in ...

Sep. 1, 2007

By Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S

Ships of Opportunity Ships of opportunity (SOOP) are used as a platform for cost-efficient collection of environmental data, Ferrybox. The SOOP network operated by NIVA cover the majority of the Norwegian coastline (from Germany (54N ) in the South to Svalbard (78N) in the North. This network is used in the national OA monitoring program. Globally, SOOPs are used for pCO2 measurements and ...

Feb. 1, 2014

By Franatech GmbH

Effects of increase in absorption of electromagnetic radiation, enhancement of photoconductivity in 2D photonic macroporous silicon were investigated. Dependence of photoconductivity on a corner of falling of electromagnetic radiation was founded out. Primary absorption of p-component of electromagnetic radiation, prevalence of absorption over reflection of light, angular dependencies of ...

Jan. 19, 2006

By Inderscience Publishers

It is common for ground water to be contaminated with the water soluble substances found in overlying soils. Many of the required data elements are similar, e.g., pH, TOC, BOD, COD, oil and grease, contaminant identification and quantification, and soil and aquifer characterization. Additional water quality monitoring data elements include hardness, ammonia, total dissolved solids, and metals ...

Jan. 1, 1997

By Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable