surface measurement Articles

Correction in dB(A) in relation to distance from the sound source

We always mention different sound levels combined with distances, which leads to regular questions about our calculation methods. It’s really simple - click here for the sound chart, and you can see the exact official corrections at specific distances. We have also added an example calculation. Aboma Sound Power Level calculation: LWA = LpAm + 10 lg S/S0, ref. 1 pW LpAm = Average ...

Oct. 16, 2014

By BBA Pumps North America Inc.
An operational approach to real-time dynamic measurement of discharge

Based on the maximization of entropy, microwave sensors are becoming standard approaches for converting point surface velocity measurements into discharge. Unfortunately, this conversion is conditioned by cross-section regularity and by the need to take the surface measures above the vertical where the maximum velocity occurs. Cross-section irregularities and the presence of floodplains, ...

Nov. 20, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of surface level O3 and its precursors in the north-central part of India

Surface measurements of ozone and its precursor gases NO2 and CO have been made over an urban site of Agra (semi-arid region) for year 2005. O3, NO2 and CO show diurnal variations during all seasons. Overall increased concentration of O3 is majority attributed to increase in concentrations of NO2 and CO. The highest average concentration of O3 was observed in winters, followed by summers and ...

Jun. 29, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Soil-surface CO2 fluxes in a Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain, China

In many temperate-zone ecosystems, seasonal changes in environmental and biological factors influence the dynamics and magnitude of surface–atmosphere exchange. Research was conducted between July and October 2001 to measure growing season surface-layer fluxes of CO2 in a Deyeuxia angustifolia dominated wetland on the Sanjiang Plain in northeastern China. Seasonal fluctuation and daily change in ...

Feb. 1, 2005

By Springer-Verlag GmbH
Surface ozone measurements and meteorological influences in the urban atmosphere of Istanbul

Hourly measurements of ozone concentration in the urban atmosphere of Istanbul were carried out from February 1998 to July 1999. An assessment of the annual variations and relationships of ozone concentrations and meteorological variables was made. Annual variations were first examined without considering meteorological variables, and meteorological influences on ozone seasonal values were then ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers
Nanostructured vanadium oxide based systems: their applications in supercapacitors

Synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured vanadium oxide based systems and their application in energy storage devices, namely supercapacitors, is presented. Vanadium oxide has been synthesised using a hydrothermal route in presence of various templates. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the formation of vanadium (IV) oxide as majority phase. SEM and TEM results depict presence of different ...

Aug. 18, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Surface roughness vision measurement in different ambient light conditions

Machine vision method was used to measure the surface roughness for different Φ38 mm grinding axes in different ambient light conditions. To analyse the effect of ambient light, a method based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix was applied at the first step. Then, a new calculation method was proposed to minimise the effect of ambient light during measurement. At the calibration stage, ...

Aug. 19, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Automated Measurement of Slurry Surface Settlement

An automated float method for measuring slurry surface settlement is described. The system consists of a Perspex float which is denser than water but lighter than the slurry into which it penetrates slightly and floats on the slurry/water interface. Settlement of this float is then automatically tracked using an LVDT. Comparison with direct cathetometer measurement demonstrates that except for ...

Jun. 1, 1990

By ASTM International
Assessment of the limiting step of mass transfer in n-hexadecane biodegradation in a bubble column reactor

A mathematical model was developed to assess limiting step of mass transfer in the n-hexadecane (HXD) biodegradation by a microbial consortium. A double Monod kinetic (oxygen and HXD) for biomass production was successfully used to describe the experimental data. Good fitting (r2=0.92) between the model solution and experimental data was obtained. The overall mass transfer coefficients for HXD, ...

Aug. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
Plot-scale assessment of soil freeze/thaw detection and variability with impedance probes: implications for remote sensing validation networks

Several large in-situ soil moisture-monitoring networks currently exist over seasonally frozen regions that may have use for the validation of remote sensing soil freeze/thaw (F/T) products. However, further understanding of how the existing network instrumentation responds to changes in near surface soil F/T is recommended. This case study describes the results of a small plot-scale (7 × 7 ...

Mar. 3, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Observed and modeled effects of pH on bioconcentration of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in fathead minnows

A need exists to better understand the influence of pH on the uptake and accumulation of ionizable pharmaceuticals in fish. In the present study, fathead minnows were exposed to diphenhydramine (DPH; disassociation constant = 9.1) in water for up to 96 h at 3 nominal pH levels: 6.7, 7.7, and 8.7. In each case, an apparent steady state was reached by 24 h, allowing for direct determination of ...

Apr. 28, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermediate Reynolds/Peclet number, flat plate boundary layer flows over catalytic surfaces for micro-combustion applications

The reactive, flat plate boundary layer flow of close-tostoichiometric, methaneair mixtures over small size Pt plates is studied experimentally for intermediate Reynolds and Peclet numbers which pertain to micro-combustion applications. The surface temperature was measured with infrared thermography and correlated to reactant concentration profiles acquired with line-Raman imaging. Three phases ...

Apr. 4, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers
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Ca4Bi6O13 powders prepared from a citric acid complex were characterised by X–ray diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and specific surface area measurements. In a citric acid complex method, the single phase of Ca4Bi6O13 crystal was obtained at 700°C in air. The Ca4Bi6O13 powders calcined at 700°C for 12 h had a crystallite size of 68 nm and a specific surface area ...

Dec. 10, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Modelling meteorological conditions for the episode (December 2009) of measured high PM10 air concentrations in SW Poland - application of the WRF model

The weather research and forecasting model has been applied to derive information on meteorological variables for the period with high concentrations of PM10 (1–30 December 2009) in SW Poland. Three one–way nested domains have been used and the results for the innermost domain have been compared with surface and radiosonde meteorological measurements for pressure (PRES), air temperature (TMP), ...

Dec. 28, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Adsorption studies of Orange II onto polyaniline/bentonite nanocomposite

Modification of bentonite is essential for the adsorption of anionic dyes, as its negative surface charge. In this study, polyaniline/bentonite (PAni-Bent) nanocomposite was synthesized by in-situ intercalative polymerization technique and used to remove anionic dye Orange II (ORII) from synthetic wastewater. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron ...

Apr. 12, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Groundwater-recharge estimation using a surface electrical resistivity method in the Himalayan foothill region, India

A new method for the estimation of groundwater recharge is presented using a surface resistivity method and isotope technique. A linear relationship was obtained between the resistivity of the unsaturated top layer and the recharge estimated using a tritium tagging technique for the piedmont zone in the Himalayan foothill region, India. The relation can be used for the estimation of recharge ...

Jan. 1, 2006

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

Comparison of in-situ measured ground heat fluxes within a heteorogeneous urban ballast layer

This study concentrates on measurements of ground heat fluxes within a porous urban ballast layer that were conducted from June to September 2002 at the goods station in Osnabr€uck, Germany. To account for the limitation of accurately installing sensors within the heterogeneous and porous ballast bulk, the heat fluxes were calculated from four different methods to compare their variability, ...

Jul. 22, 2005

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

OTT SVR 100 - Surface Velocity Radar for Measuring Open Channel Flow

Introduction The measurement of water surface velocities to determine discharge in rivers and open channels is one of the oldest measuring methods in hydrometry, well-tried and easy operably since centuries with the aid of floaters. The determination of discharge by surface velocity measurements is also covered by various hydrometric standards and guidelines such as ISO 748 “Hydrometry ...

Jan. 1, 2018

By OTT HydroMet

Parameterisation of convective PBL using surface data for the wind and stability classes

A simple two-layer model of convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), consisting of a Surface Layer and an Ekman layer over it and developed in accordance with the similarity theory is used to obtain the vertical profiles of the temperature, wind velocity and the turbulent exchange coefficient in CPBL from the surface wind measurements and atmospheric stability data. As input to this model the ...

May 11, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Nanostructured molecularly imprinted polymer films as synthetic recognition layers

Hierarchically nanostructured materials that combine two or more levels of structure and exhibit a combination of useful features have gained considerable interest. We describe the generation of surface-bound nanofilaments by nanomoulding on a nanoporous template surface that carry at the same time molecularly imprinted binding sites. Fluorescein was used as a model template for imprinting. The ...

Jun. 16, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

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