surface water source Articles | Environmental XPRT

Virulence determinants and production of extracellular enzymes in Enterococcus spp. from surface water sources

Virulence factors in Enterococcus may be indicative of potential pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of clinically relevant virulence genes, in Enterococcus spp. from environmental water, and their in vitro expression. One hundred and twenty-four Enterococcus isolates (seven species), from five surface water systems in the North West ...

Jan. 20, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Augmentation of surface water sources from spatially distributed rainfall in Saudi Arabia

This study investigated the rainfall patterns, spatial variability, surface runoff generation and dam requirements in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. The region was divided into four areas Asir, Jazan, Al-Baha and the Red Sea Coast. Surface runoff was estimated for eight scenarios considering the runoff coefficients of 0.05–0.70, resulting in 203–2,835 million cubic meters (MCM) of ...

Feb. 9, 2015

By IWA Publishing

$Trihalomethane formation potential of DOC fractions isolated from two Canadian Prairie surface water sources$

Trihalomethane formation potential of DOC fractions isolated from two Canadian Prairie surface water sources

This study evaluated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) composition of two surface waters in Manitoba, Canada, the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, to identify DOC fractions with the greatest potential to form trihalomethanes (THMs). The DOC was fractionated into six fractions based on hydrophobicity and acid base functionality: hydrophobic acid (HPOA), hydrophobic base (HPOB), hydrophobic neutral ...

Dec. 16, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Sustainability and the indispensability of politics: a study of sanitation partnerships in urban India

The chronic absence of hygienic sanitation for many urban Indians and the resultant contamination of surface water sources are a major cause for the poor environmental condition in most cities in India. In the past decade, public?private partnerships have been presented as an innovative strategy to rectify this pervasive problem. Numerous partnerships to improve sanitation have been launched in ...

Nov. 19, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Mixed oxidant technology treats water in Rwanda01

Plagued by a legacy of civil war, ethnic genocide and the HIV/AIDS epidemic, many rural communities in Rwanda lack access to adequate drinking water. Although many inhabitants purify water by boiling, this time-consuming and energy-intensive practice is impractical for most. A water and power utility provides drinking water to the capital, Kigali City, and all urban centers of Rwanda, while ...

Sep. 1, 2008

By MIOX Corporation - Johnson Matthey`s Water Technologies

Safe drinking water and waterborne outbreaks

The present work compiles a review on drinking waterborne outbreaks, with the perspective of production and distribution of microbiologically safe water, during 2000–2014. The outbreaks are categorised in raw water contamination, treatment deficiencies and distribution network failure. The main causes for contamination were: for groundwater, intrusion of animal faeces or wastewater due to ...

Oct. 25, 2016

By IWA Publishing

An investigation into heavy metal variations in surface water sources of some villages around Kocaeli-Golcuk, Turkey

Natural spring resources, other fresh water and used water related to natural springs have an important influence in Turkey and elsewhere. The value of water resources can be affected by pollution of the water by organic, inorganic, heavy metal, radioactive and biological substances. The rapid increase in pollution in Golcuk, a town of Kocaeli in the Marmara Region, and its surrounding area, is ...

Aug. 29, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

Then and now since 1985

Located approximately 40 miles southwest of Portland, Carlton was a bedroom community of 1,400 people at that time, whose water-treatment story began some 40 years ago when the town faced its original water quality hurdle. It was in 1980 when the first turbidity standards were introduced in Oregon. Andrew Klein of Klein Engineering was hired by the city to research and recommend what course ...

May 15, 2020

By Filtronics, Incorporated

Membrane Technology in Water Treatment in the Mediterranean Region

Water is the most essential resource of life. About 97,5 % of the World’s water resources (1.386 Mio km³) are salty seawater, not usable for agriculture, technical purposes or simply quenching the thirst of about 6 Billion people on Earth. Just 2.5 % of the world’s water is fresh water, but only 30 % of it are accessible for us, either as groundwater or as surface water bodies. ...

Apr. 6, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Short-term microbial release during rain events from on-site sewers and cattle in a surface water source

The protection of drinking water from pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia requires an understanding of the short-term microbial release from faecal contamination sources in the catchment. Flow-weighted samples were collected during two rainfall events in a stream draining an area with on-site sewers and during two rainfall events in surface runoff from a bovine cattle pasture. Samples ...

Aug. 28, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Oxidation and volatilization of bromide by electrolysis in drinking water

To reduce the concentrations of brominated disinfection by-products, a process is presented here which removes bromide from a widely used surface water source, the California State Water Project (SWP). The process consists of oxidizing bromide to bromine and volatilizing the bromine. SWP water was passed through this unit under various conditions and the bromide was oxidized and volatilized under ...

May 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Measuring sporadic gastrointestinal illness associated with drinking water – an overview of methodologies

There is an increasing awareness that drinking water contributes to sporadic gastrointestinal illness (GI) in high income countries of the northern hemisphere. A literature search was conducted in order to review: (1) methods used for investigating the effects of public drinking water on GI; (2) evidence of possible dose–response relationship between sporadic GI and drinking water ...

Apr. 4, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Research on applying a water-lifting aerator to inhibit the growth of algae in a source-water reservoir

A new hydraulic, water-lifting aerator was developed for ameliorating water quality. It aims at mixing lower and upper water bodies, controlling algae growth, increasing dissolved oxygen concentration in water and inhibiting the release of pollutants from sediments. This new device was applied to control the algae growth in surface water of the water source of Tianjin. It was found that the ...

Mar. 17, 2011

By Inderscience Publishers

Modelling of the impact of future climate changes on salt accumulation in paddocks of different soil types due to recycled water irrigation

Recycled water contains elevated amounts of salt compared with irrigation water originating from surface water sources. As such, recycled water, if used for irrigation over a long period of time may increase the root zone salinity. However, the phenomenon depends on variability of climatic condition and soil characteristics. In this study, a salt transport model, HYDRUS 1D, was used to ...

Dec. 12, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Increasing Contact Time and Reducing Short - Circuiting In a Clearwell Tank - Case study

Background In 2005 the City of Bend, Oregon's Water Division commissioned a new reservoir, known as Outback Reservoir #2, which functions as a clear well. The reservoir is welded steel above ground tank, which is 120 feet in diameter and has a maximum depth of 35.4 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 2.9 million gallons (MG), however typical operating depth is about 26.6 feet or approximately ...

Jan. 1, 2009

By Medora Corporation

Increasing contact time and reducing short-circuiting in a Clearwell Tank

Background In 2005 the City of Bend, Oregon’s Water Division commissioned a new reservoir, known as Outback Reservoir #2, which functions as a clear well. The reservoir is welded steel above ground tank, which is 120 feet in diameter and has a maximum depth of 35.4 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 2.9 million gallons (MG), however typical operating depth is about 26.6 feet or ...

Jan. 1, 2019

By Medora Corporation

Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural ...

Sep. 25, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Manufacture of a low-cost ceramic microporous filter for the elimination of microorganisms causing common diseases

Africa is one of the most water-scarce continents on earth and the lack of potable water is responsible for the death of approximately 4,900 children every day. An effective way of making sure that water is of good quality is by decontaminating it by means of a household ceramic water filter. The low-cost water filters suitable for the removal of suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and other ...

Jan. 23, 2013

By IWA Publishing

FORUM–13: Competitive water use and its redistribution

Adequate sources of water, surface and ground water have to be available to meet not only the current needs but also the future growth of a community or a region. This brief Forum outlines some examples which illustrate how the water redistribution issue has been handled in the past. It concludes that, despite expected political resistance and high project costs, mega water projects often prove ...

Dec. 3, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Enhancing climate adaptation capacity for drinking water treatment facilities

Conventional water treatment processes (e.g., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used for producing drinking water from surface water sources. Transient, gradual, or abrupt changes in source water quality that could compromise treatment effectiveness can be triggered by climate and related meteorological events, accidental or intentional contamination, ...

Jan. 7, 2016

By IWA Publishing

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