tap water system Articles
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The Maximum Contaminant Level and the Public Water Supply
Water is an effective solvent, so the water from a residential faucet will naturally have trace amounts of different substances. Ionic minerals like calcium and sodium will improve the taste of tap water. Many water systems add fluoride to support dental health in the area. Other contaminants are not beneficial. When a substance has associated health risks, the Clean Water Act empowers the EPA to ...
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REvivED Project
REvivED water project aims to contribute to overcoming the drinking water challenge via novel desalination. The goal is to produce safe, affordable and cost-competitive drinking water with significantly reduced energy consumption compared to state-of-the-art Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination technology. The project comprises several systems and applications with 12 pilots in total, ranging from ...
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Providing water services at scale: how to move from unsustainable assistance to sustainable development?
This article presents the results of a study of water service performance in four small towns in the Sahel Region in Burkina Faso. It shows that water supplied via small piped water systems to tap stands is cheaper per user than water supplied via hand pumps as well as providing better quality service. The comparison of life-cycle costs highlights that the cost of supporting the organisation ...
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Mistrust at the tap? Factors contributing to public drinking water (mis)perception across US households
How individuals perceive the safety of their public drinking water influences whether they reach for the tap to quench their thirst, or an alternative such as bottled water or a sugary drink. In turn, mistrust of drinking water quality and subsequent reliance on alternative beverage sources can adversely impact health, welfare and the environment. Using data from the 2013 American Housing ...
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Automated detection of case clusters of waterborne acute gastroenteritis from health insurance data – pilot study in three French districts
This pilot study was conducted to assess the utility of using a health insurance database for the automated detection of waterborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The weekly number of AGE cases for which the patient consulted a doctor (cAGE) was derived from this database for 1,543 towns in three French districts during the 2009–2012 period. The method we used is based on a spatial ...
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Drinking Water Treatment Process
Most drinking water comes from a surface water source, such as a lake or river, or a groundwater source, such as a well or spring. This water requires treatment before it can be safely consumed; the level to which the water is treated depends on the source of the water and also on federal regulations. In the United States, for example, the Safe Drinking Water Act was created by the Environmental ...
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Virus contamination from operation and maintenance events in small drinking water distribution systems
We tested the association of common events in drinking water distribution systems with contamination of household tap water with human enteric viruses. Viruses were enumerated by qPCR in the tap water of 14 municipal systems that use non-disinfected groundwater. Ultraviolet disinfection was installed at all active wellheads to reduce virus contributions from groundwater to the distribution ...
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Industrial and agroindustrial wastes: an echotechnological approach to the production of supported photocatalysts
Agroindustrial wastes (rice husk, exhausted bark acacia, and tobacco dust) and foundry sands from the iron foundry industry were employed as a support source for photocatalysts. TiCl4 was used as the titanium precursor in the preparation of the supported photocatalysts. The solids were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), diffuse ...
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BaSYS 8.0.2 – The Swiss pocket knife for handling sewer or fresh water networks
An efficient and sustained management of sewer or fresh water systems is a significant task. Any problems with these systems can mean tremendous financial risk for owners and operators of these systems. Such problems can also present large environmental risks. To mitigate such risks a comprehensive application software is needed that can maintain such sewer and fresh water networks. Barthauer ...
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Impact of plumbing age on copper levels in drinking water
Theory and practical experiences suggest that higher copper levels in drinking water tap samples are typically associated with newer plumbing systems, and levels decrease with increasing plumbing age. Past researchers have developed a conceptual model to explain the ‘aging effect’ founded in the proposed evolution of copper(II) corrosion by-products on the pipe surface, based on theoretical ...
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Ion ScaleBuster Water Conditioning - University Student Residence - Case Study
OVERVIEW In July 1996, a 4” ION ScaleBuster® SB100 was installed at the student residence to protect the cold water taps, WCs and unvented hot water cylinders. WATER SYSTEM CHALLENGES Annual water consumption of the building (which went through the ION ScaleBuster®) was 11,587 cubic meters. In Brighton (the southern England coast region) the water is hard to very hard – ...
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Distilled water production for beer brewing in London - Case Study
MDS-500 MD system is employed to generate distilled water for beer brewing plant. To brew high quality of beer with different tastes, the Client mineralizes distilled water from MD system to control mineral amount due to high hardness of tap water in London. The high purity of distilled water from MD system provides vital basis for controlling mineralization. In addition, CSRE MD system can be ...
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Water, sanitation, and diarrhea incidence among children: evidence from Guatemala
Using household survey data for Guatemala, this paper investigates the role of water and sanitation infrastructure on diarrhea incidence in children. Hierarchical logit models of diarrhea incidence are estimated to account for potential regional heterogeneity of water and sanitation effects. Results indicate that the incidence probability of diarrhea is on average 20% lower in homes connected ...
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Water safety plans at EPAL's water supply system-tool to prioritize investments and mitigation actions
In 2007, EPAL – Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. – started to implement a water safety plan (WSP) in its water supply system, from source to tap, following the international methodologies regarding risk management of water quality. Since the implementation of its first version of the WSP, EPAL has been working on the optimization of its methodology regarding identification and ...
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Israel Once Again Faces Prolonged Drought
The Sea of Galilee, from which Israel draws part of its water supply, has receded to record levels. Desalination and water conservation may not be enough to overcome it Israel is known as the worldwide leader in desalination technology, with desalination accounting for 40% of the nation’s potable water. But it may not be as widely known that Israel also leads the world in water reuse, ...
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A general framework of chlorine decay modeling at a pilot-scale water distribution system
Understanding the variation of chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems is important for determining the schedule of rechlorination. Maintaining an appropriate chlorine concentration in domestic tap water and a sustainable residual chlorine in water distribution systems is an important commitment to ensure high drinking water quality. A generic modeling framework is proposed to ...
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Phoenix Student Residence, the University of Brighton UK - Case Study
OVERVIEW In July 1996, a 4” ION ScaleBuster® SB100 was installed at the student residence to protect the cold water taps, WCs and unvented hot water cylinders. WATER SYSTEM CHALLENGES Annual water consumption of the building (which went through the ION ScaleBuster®) was 11,587 cubic meters. In Brighton (the southern England coast region) the water is hard to very hard – ...
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Determination of water supply sources in the Barcelona distribution system by UV spectrophotometry and PLS
A new method for the water source apportionment of the Barcelona (Spain) water distribution system is proposed. The method is based on the combined use of UV spectrophotometric measurements in the wavelength from 190–230 nm, and multivariate data analysis using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) chemometric method. From the differences in the organic matter content of the different water sources and ...
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Cooling Tower Blow Down Re-Use - Switzerland, 300 m3/day - Case Study
Project Description: Lenntech has engineered, installed and commissioned a turnkey pilot system pertaining MMF, followed by UF, GAC and IX softening, as a last step the water is demineralized with use of a high recovery CCRO system (93%) for cooling tower make-up water in Switzerland. The treated water is used as make-up water for the cooling tower in order to maintain conductivity < 850 ...
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Comparative analysis of two low cost point-of-use water treatment systems
The study examined two low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems developed in respect of bacterial and particulate removal when exposed to surface water for three months. Bacterial removal efficiency was estimated using E. coli and fecal coliforms, while particulate reduction efficiency was estimated by determining turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). The systems investigated were ...
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