total organic carbon Articles
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Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analysis
What is Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analysis? Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon that is found in an organic compound. It has become an important indication of approximate levels of organic contamination and can therefore be used as a suggestion of water quality. In many cases, Total Organic Carbon analysis is used as an on-going monitor of change or lack of change in organic ...
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Measuring total organic carbon in wastewater
The continuous TOC analysis of industrial waste water is known to be problematic especially, when the TOC analyser is used as a spill monitor for heavily polluted waste water containing a high-load of particles. Thus, most operators require analysers that enable accurate TOC (total organic carbon) measurements. But do they really get those? Common analysers suffer from clogging and blockages due ...
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Confined plasma gliding arc discharges
A confined plasma gliding arc is produced in a reactor with two-electrodes contained within a very narrow channel and water spray injected into the discharge. The evolution of pH and conductivity and the formation of hydrogen peroxide in pure water with different carrier gases and the decolourisation and mineralisation of an organic dye were compared with results for a non-confined ...
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Analyzing Total Organic Carbon in Sea Water
Abstract The analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in seawater can be both challenging and expensive. The concentration of organic carbon in seawater is of considerable interest. The effect this matrix can have on TOC analyzers can lead to rapid consumable turnover, costly maintenance and repairs. Laboratories are continually looking to increase sample throughput, decrease overall cost of ...
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TOC and TN Measurements of Seawater
For pollution control of the ocean and in the research of the ocean environment, the measurement of total organic carbon (TOC) is regarded as an important index of organic contaminants contained in seawater. At the same time, the measurement of total nitrogen (TN), which is known to cause eutrophication, is also attracting attention for environmental pollution control and in ecological ...
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Ammonium adsorption by tidal flat surface sediments from the Yangtze Estuary
Ammonium adsorption by sediments plays an important role in the cycle of nitrogen in the estuarine tidal flat ecosystem. Ammonium adsorption on tidal flat sediments from the Yangtze estuary was studied using the simulation experiment. The findings indicated that there was linear adsorption by the tidal flat sediments for the lower ammonium concentration (<10 mM) in the overlying waters. The ...
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Enhanced thermophilic fermentative hydrogen production from cassava stillage by chemical pretreatments
Acid and alkaline pretreatments for enhanced hydrogen production from cassava stillage were investigated in the present study. The result showed that acid pretreatment was suitable for enhancement of soluble carbohydrate while alkaline pretreatment stimulated more soluble total organic carbon production from cassava stillage. Acid pretreatment thereby has higher capacity to promote hydrogen ...
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Measurement of TOC in High-Salt Sample
The quantity of organic matter in seawater is important in the research and monitoring of marine pollution as an indicator of organic pollution. The salt content in seawater is typically about 3.5 %, but using the Shimadzu total organic carbon analyzer, it is possible to measure the TOC directly without dilution or other pretreatment procedures. Here, we introduce an example of measurement of ...
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The Effects of Furnace Configuration Using The Torch High Temperature Combustion Analyzer
Abstract In the evaluation of industrial process waters and wastewaters, of particular interest is organic carbon contamination from either microbial or synthetic derivatives, due to their possible environmental impact. High temperature combustion total organic carbon analyzers provide the most efficient way to measure organic carbon in these waters. The furnace parameters for high temperature ...
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Total Organic Carbon Content for Water Quality Checking
Methods for water quality checking are an incredibly important part of the many processes involved in ensuring we have access to safe drinking water. However, as contaminants can come from many different sources, finding a general solution for contaminant identification and removal can be difficult. Purification processes for water treatment include removal of undesirable chemicals, bacteria, ...
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City of Houston Total Organic Carbon - Case Study
ABSTRACT The City of Houston, Texas has been aware of the implications that current and pending regulatory standards would have on the operation of their four surface water treatment facilities. In particular, the City has closely monitored changes in regulations related to enhanced coagulation, total organic carbon (TOC) removal, and disinfection by-products (DBP) reduction. The City has, and ...
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Total Organic Carbon Content for Assessing Water Quality
Methods for checking water quality are an incredibly important part of the many processes involved in ensuring we have access to safe drinking water. However, as contaminants can come from many different sources, finding a general solution for contaminant identification and removal can be difficult. Purification processes for water treatment include removal of undesirable chemicals, bacteria, ...
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Photodegradation of Pb-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid complex under UV light illumination
The degradation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) in the presence and absence of Pb2+ under UV illumination was studied. Addition of Pb2+ caused the formation of precipitate during photoreaction when the solution pH was higher than 6. The presence of Pb2+ remarkably inhibited the degradation of 3,4-DHBA and its photodegradation intermediates, while complexation of 3,4-DHBA and its ...
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Comparative study on electrochemical 4-chlorophenol degradation in different diaphragm systems with combined reduction and oxidation properties
Two diaphragm electrolysis systems, two-electrode (anode–cathode) and three-electrode (cathode–anode–cathode), were compared for the electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The performance of these systems was improved by feeding with hydrogen gas and then with air, in aid of the combined processes of reduction and oxidation. The 4-chlorophenol degradation, ...
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Microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of lignin with hydrogen peroxide for TOC and color removal
Dilute lignin solution was successfully digested into colorless and clarified liquor under microwave-assisted oxidative digestion with hydrogen peroxide. High dosage of hydrogen peroxide is needed to effectively digest lignin, but excessive hydrogen peroxide may lead to recondensation of formed fragments in digested lignin. Microwave irradiation greatly facilitates the oxidative digestion of ...
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Heterogeneous photo-catalysis system for the degradation of azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)
This study investigated a heterogeneous photo-catalysis system by introducing a novel brick supported iron oxide (denoted as B1) for the heterogeneous photoassisted degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) at pH value from 3 to 7 in a three-phase (gas–liquid–solid) fluidized bed reactor (3P-FBR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction ...
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Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Purified Water and Water for Injection
Abstract In pharmaceuticals, water, specifically Purified Water (PW) and Water for Intravenous Injection (WFI), is vital for drug preparation. Producing and ensuring the cleanliness of this water entails very strict quality control and precise analytical testing methods. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP) have promoted Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis as the ...
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Choosing the appropriate TOC analyzer for your application?
Abstract In choosing a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer, among the many factors that need to be given consideration are not only the current instruments and their accessories available on the market, but specifically to their method of sample oxidation in relation to the sample matrix. Different oxidation techniques may affect the analytical data due to the components within the sample matrix. ...
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Effect of total organic carbon and aquatic humic substances on the occurrence of lead at the tap
Homes with lead service lines (LSLs) in the City of Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, were found to exceed the provincial standard of 10 μg/L for lead in drinking water. Solids identified by X-ray diffraction of LSL scale were Pb5O8 and PbO2, indicating that lead(II) solids in the LSL scale have been oxidized to lead(IV) solids by free chlorine residuals. Natural organic matter (NOM) can reduce PbO2 ...
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Ferrate(VI): a novel oxidant for degradation of cationic surfactant – cetylpyridinium bromide
Ferrate(VI) is an efficient multi-functional water treatment reagent that has several novel properties, such as strong oxidation, absorption, flocculation, disinfection and deodorization. The removal of cationic surfactants based on ferrate (K2FeO4) was performed in the case of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB). The influence of operating variables on the mineralization efficiency was ...
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