toxicity assay Articles | Environmental XPRT

Phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to zebrafish (Danio rerio) is dependent on life stage

Zebrafish embryos have been used increasingly to evaluate nanomaterial toxicity. The present study compared phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles with zebrafish at 4 life stages (embryos, yolk‐sac larvae, free‐swimming larvae, and juvenile) under simulated sunlight using the 96‐h standard toxicity assay. Yolk‐sac larvae were found to be the most sensitive to TiO2 phototoxicity, suggesting that ...

Jul. 19, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A screening study on the fate of fullerenes (nC60) and their toxic implications in natural freshwaters

Increasing usage of fullerenes (C60) increases their opportunities to be released into the environment. For risk assessment, it is important to understand the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of C60. In this study, fullerene settling was measured during a one‐year period with four different lake waters and an artificial freshwater, and D. magna immobilization and fullerene ...

Feb. 12, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Zebrafish embryo toxicity of anaerobic biotransformation products from the insensitive munitions compound 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN)

2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an emerging insensitive munitions compound that readily undergoes anaerobic nitro‐group reduction to 2‐methoxy‐5‐nitroaniline (MENA) and 2,4‐diaminoanisole (DAAN), followed by subsequent formation of unique azo‐dimers. Currently there is scarce knowledge on the ecotoxicity of DNAN (bio)transformation products. In this work, mortality, development, and behavioral ...

Apr. 5, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute toxicity tests and meta‐analysis identify gaps in tropical ecotoxicology for amphibians

Amphibian populations are declining worldwide, particularly in tropical regions where amphibian diversity is highest. Pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, have been identified as a potential contributor to decline, yet toxicological studies of tropical amphibians are very rare. The present study assesses toxic effects on amphibians of 10 commonly used commercial pesticides in ...

Aug. 5, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mathematical models and bacterial communities for ammonia toxicity in mesophilic anaerobes not acclimated to high concentrations of ammonia

In this study, we evaluated ammonia toxicity in mesophilic anaerobic digestion at various pH values and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. We performed anaerobic toxicity assays (ATAs) to evaluate the toxicity effects of TAN and pH on mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Modeling based on the results of the ATAs indicated that the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) decreased by 30% at ...

Jun. 9, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The effect of binary mixtures of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni on the growth of the freshwater diatom Navicula pelliculosa and comparison with mixture toxicity model predictions

We investigated the effect of binary mixtures of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni on the growth of a freshwater diatom Navicula pelliculosa. A 7 × 7 full factorial experimental design (49 combinations in total) was used to test each binary metal mixture. A 3‐d fluorescence microplate toxicity assay was used to test each combination. Mixture effects were predicted by concentration addition (CA) and ...

Apr. 4, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of five selected anionic and nonionic surfactants

The results of four toxicity bioassays of selected anionic and nonionic surface active agents were presented. Three widely used anionic surfactants that belong to alkyl sulphates (AS), alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphates (AES) as well as nonionic surfactants: polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (AE) and polyoxylethylene alkylphenyl ethers (APE) were tested. Three different ...

Jul. 7, 2011

By Microbiotests Inc.

Developmental toxicity of treated municipal wastewater effluent on the Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura) embryos

Amphibian populations have been decreasing in urban freshwater systems in Korea. To elucidate the biological safety of treated wastewater effluent (TWE) in the Tancheon basin, the capital area of Korea, 7 d exposure Bombina orientalis embryo developmental toxicity assay was examined during breeding season. In March, there were no significant differences in embryonic survival or malformation ...

Jan. 16, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assessing Sediment Contamination using Six Toxicity Assays

Abstract: An evaluation of sediment toxicity at Lake Orta, Italy was conducted to compare a toxicity test battery of 6 assays and to evaluate the extent of sediment contamination at various sediment detphs. Lake Orta received excessive loadings of copper and ammonia during the 1900\'s until a large remediation effort was conducted in 1989-90 using lime addition. Since that time, the lake has ...

Jan. 1, 2001

By Microbiotests Inc.

Cross‐species comparison of relative potencies and relative sensitivities of fishes to dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in vitro

Dioxin‐like compounds (DLCs) of varying toxicities are found in complex mixtures. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach was developed based on the potency of a DLC relative to the potency of TCDD to streamline risk assessment. One limitation of the TEF approach is uncertainty regarding differences in relative potency (ReP) of DLCs among different species. RePs among fishes are limited ...

Jul. 23, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of light on toxicity of nanosilver to Tetrahymena pyriformis

More and more silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been released into the aquatic environment due to their widespread use, which may result in harmful effects on aquatic organisms. Environmental risk assessments of AgNPs on aquatic organisms in the natural environment (including light, sound, etc.) are indispensable. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of light on the ...

May 3, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Daphnia magna wastewater toxicity assays: an interlaboratory study

In order to protect aquatic life, many acute and short-term chronic whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests have been employed for assessment of the toxicity of wastewater. Toxicity tests using biological responses to measure effects provide valuable information about the significance of chemical contamination. The response of an organism to contaminated effluents provides an integrated measure of ...

Nov. 8, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

Cadmium accumulation and toxicity in the unicellular alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: Influence of metal‐binding exudates and exposure time

Predicting metal availability and toxicity for chronic (several hours or days) metal exposure scenarios, even for unicellular algae, is a major challenge to existing toxicity models. This is because several factors affecting metal uptake/toxicity, such as the release of metalbinding exudates, changes in the kinetics of metal uptake/toxicity over time and algal physiological acclimation to ...

Feb. 7, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Response of the green alga Oophila sp., a salamander symbiont, to a PSII‐inhibitor under laboratory conditions

In a rare example of autotroph‐vertebrate endosymbiosis, eggs of the yellow‐spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) are colonized by a green alga (Oophila sp.) that significantly enhances salamander development. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for impacts to the salamander embryo when growth of the algae is impaired by exposure to herbicides. To further investigate this ...

Apr. 30, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Venerupis decussata under environmentally relevant lead concentrations: Bioconcentration, tolerance and biochemical alterations

The edible clam Venerupis decussata is widely distributed in European aquatic systems, some of them under strong anthropogenic pressure, which can contribute to trophic transfer of xenobiotics to humans. Taking into account this rationale, the present study focused on the tolerance, bioconcentration and bio chemical responses of V. decussata when submitted to ecologically relevant ...

Sep. 8, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

$Particle size characterization of oak wood leachate: chemical oxygen demand and toxicity distribution within different fractions$

Particle size characterization of oak wood leachate: chemical oxygen demand and toxicity distribution within different fractions

Oak wood leachate obtained from two storage facilities (storage pound and ditch) in a wood-based industry, and leachate generated by a laboratory leaching test, were characterized in seven categories regarding particle size distribution (PSD) (raw leachate, ≤20 μm, ≤10 μm, ≤1.2 μm, ≤13 nm, ≤5 nm and ≤2 nm). The PSD followed a normal ...

Aug. 7, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Acute toxicity of the cationic surfactant C12‐benzalkonium in different bioassays: How test design affects bioavailability and effect concentrations

Using an ion‐exchange based solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) method, the freely dissolved concentrations of C12‐benzalkonium were measured in different toxicity assays, including i) immobilization of Daphnia magna in the presence/absence of dissolved humic acid; ii) mortality of Lumbriculus variegatus in the presence/absence of a suspension of OECD sediment iii) photosystem II inhibition of ...

Nov. 23, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Toxicity Assessment Assays in Greece

Abstract :In this study the results of toxicity assessment assays in the area of Thessaloniki in Greece are presented.Daphnia magnatests were used for the assessment of freshwater and wastewater andArtemia salinatests for the assessment of seawater. There was increased toxicity in the seawater of inner Thermaikos gulf as well as in the freshwater of Koronia lake. Measures, taken to prevent toxic ...

Jan. 8, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Solid thickening and methane production of livestock wastewater using dissolved carbon dioxide flotation

Dilute manure is classified as wastewater due to the large quantity of water used in livestock production in Korea. Livestock wastewater treatment is required in order to reduce high moisture content and treat fluids discharged from the digestion process. In livestock wastewater treatment plants, large quantities of CO2 gas are produced at combined heat and power facilities as well as in the ...

Nov. 4, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Quantifying the concentration of crude oil microdroplets in oil–water preparations

Dissolved constituents of crude oil, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can contribute substantially to the toxicity of aquatic organisms. Measured aqueous concentrations of high–molecular weight PAHs (e.g., chrysenes, benzo[a]pyrene) as well as long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons can exceed the theoretical solubility of these sparingly soluble compounds. This is attributed to ...

May 15, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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