toxicity characterization Articles
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Identification and Confirmation of Ammonia Toxicity in Contaminated Sediments using a Modified Toxicity Identification Evaluation Approach
Abstract: Toxicity identification of sediment pore waters from four sites in the upper Scheldt (Belgium) was assessed using a simplified and discriminative toxicity identification evaluation procedure. The samples from all locations exhibited acute toxicity toward the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. Toxicity was removed or considerably reduced by the cation exchange resins and air ...
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Exploring reach as potential data source for characterizing ecotoxicity in life cycle assessment
Toxicity models in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) currently only characterize a small fraction of marketed substances. This is mainly due to limitations in the underlying ecotoxicity data. One approach to improve the current data situation in LCIA is to explore new data sources, such as the European database of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals ...
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Limitations of toxicity characterization in life cycle assessment – can adverse outcome pathways provide a new foundation?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has considerable merit for holistic evaluation of product planning, development, production and disposal with the inherent benefit of providing a forecast of potential health and environmental impacts. However, a technical review of current LCIA methods revealed limitations within the biological effects assessment protocols, including: simplistic assessment ...
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Characterization and toxicity of a phosphate-binding exobiopolymer produced by Acinetobacter haemolyticus MG606
A novel, phosphate-binding exobiopolymer (EBP) produced by Acinetobacter haemolyticus MG606 was characterized and its biocompatibility evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells and in mice. EBP was identified as a 50 kDa heteropolysaccharide composed of pentose and hexose sugars. EBP exhibited cytotoxicity, stimulation of free radical production and loss of mitochondrial and lysosomal integrity in RAW ...
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Ecotoxicity Assessment of Landfill Leachates using a Battery of Bioassay and Toxicity Characterization of the Leachates
Abstract : The western part of Teshima Island in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan) had been used as an illegal dumping ground for more than 10 years and the accumulated waste was estimated to be about 510.000 tons. There has been no systematic toxicity assessment conducted on this waste. In this study, a battery of bioassays was applied to the collected leachates. Toxicity of the leachates was ...
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Considerations for Developing Alternative Health Risk Assessment Approaches for Addressing Multiple Chemicals, Exposures and Effect (External Review Draft)
This report is not guidance but rather a presentation of concepts that could assist the development of guidance. It presents risk assessment approaches and information on a subset of issues that are identified in the 2003 Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment. The sequence of procedural steps suggested in this report is designed to emphasize the links between the exposed population and the ...
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Identifying the causes of sediment‐associated toxicity in urban waterways in South China: Incorporating bioavailabillity‐based measearuments into whole‐sediment toxicity identification evaluation
Sediments in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China were contaminated by a variety of chemicals and showed prevalent toxicity to benthic organisms. A combination of whole‐sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedure and bioavailability‐based extraction approaches were used to identify the causes of sediment toxicity. Four of the six sediment samples collected caused 100% mortality ...
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Neptune project deliverable D3.4
Concept of mobile analytical unit WWTP are the major point source for discharge of pollutants in surface water, and consequently impact on the new focus legislated by the WFD. The emerging interest on organic (eco-)toxic compounds requires characterizing treated effluent and treatment technologies concerning ecotoxicologic aspects and micropollutants. The potential of emerging processes in ...
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Reanalysis of uranium toxicity data for selected freshwater organisms and the influence of dissolved organic carbon
The present study re‐analyzed 46 existing uranium (U) chronic toxicity datasets for four freshwater species to generate consistent toxicity measures and explore relationships between U toxicity and key physicochemical variables. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was consistently the best predictor of U toxicity based on 10% inhibitory concentration (IC10) and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) ...
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Ecological risk assessment for mink and short‐tailed shrew exposed to PCBs, dioxins and furans in the Housatonic River area
A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to characterize risks to a representative piscivorous mammal (mink, Mustela vison) and a representative carnivorous mammal (short‐tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda) exposed to PCBs, dioxins and furans in the Housatonic River area downstream of the General Electric (GE) facility in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Contaminant exposure was estimated using a ...
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The Toxicity Identification of Inorganic Toxicants in Real World Samples
Abstract :The toxicity of a sediment pore water and an effluent was characterized using Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures. Both samples exhibited acute toxicity to the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. The TIE approach was conducted using an enlarged battery of fractionation tests. Toxicity of the pore water sample was removed or reduced significantly by the cation ...
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Acute toxicity of binary‐metal mixtures of copper, zinc, and nickel to Pimephales promelas: Evidence of more‐than‐additive effect
Metal mixture toxicity has been studied for decades. However, the results are not consistent, thus making it difficult for ecological risk assessment and regulation purposes. The objective of the present study was to use a systematic experimental design to characterize the toxicity of binary‐metal mixture of Cu, Zn, and Ni to Pimephales promelas, typically to determine if the effect of these ...
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Characterising uncertainty in plume dispersion models
For management decisions related to effects of releases of toxic chemicals, it is useful to consider not only the expected or most likely impact of the release, but also the envelope of possible outcomes, the latter of which involves an assessment of the uncertainty in the modelling results. In this paper, we provide quantitative estimates of major sources of uncertainty in plume dispersion ...
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Microbial reporter gene assay as a diagnostic and early warning tool for the detection and characterization of toxic pollution in surface waters
Surface water samples constantly receive a vast mixture of micropollutants mainly originating from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). High throughput live cell arrays provide a promising method for the characterization of the effects of chemicals and the associated molecular mechanisms. In the present study this test system was evaluated for the first time for the characterization of a set ...
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A NEW MEDIUM FOR CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS TOXICOLOGY AND NANOTOXICOLOGY STUDIES, DESIGNED TO BETTER REFLECT NATURAL SOIL SOLUTION CONDITIONS
A new toxicity test medium for C. elegans is presented. The test solution is designed so that it provides a better representation of natural soil pore water conditions than currently available test media. The medium has a composition that can readily be modified to allow for studies of the influences of a range of environmentally relevant parameters on nematode biology and toxicology. Tests ...
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Characterising and identifying toxicants in marine waters: a review of marine toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs)
One impact of human activity is contamination of the world’s oceans with toxic pollutants. Marine toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) technology provides an approach for characterising and identifying the causes of toxicity in aqueous and sediment samples. This review describes the evolution and use of marine TIEs since their initial development approximately fifteen years ago. Currently, 30 ...
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Electric arc furnace flue dust: characterisation and toxicity with Photobacterium phosphoreum
During steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs), 10 to 15 kg of dust, consisting of a mixture of zinc, lead and iron oxides and to a lesser degree chrome, nickel and manganese, is generated per ton of steel product. In many countries, the disposal of EAF dust in landfill sites is regarded as an environmental hazard, since toxic metals may be leached into drinking water supplies. This work ...
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Toxicity Monitoring of the Scheldt and Meuse Rivers in Wallonia (Belgium) by Conventional Tests and Microbiotests
Abstract : The Microtox acute toxicity test using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, was chosen as a complementary descriptive parameter of toxic pollution in the framework of monitoring surface water quality in Wallonia, Belgium. In order to examine the samples on a routine basis, ensure a cost-effective approach adapted to the dilution effects, and enhance the sensitivity of the system, ...
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Comparative and integrative environmental assessment of advanced wastewater treatment processes based on an average removal of pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals are normally barely removed by conventional wastewater treatments. Advanced technologies as a post-treatment, could prevent these pollutants reaching the environment and could be included in a centralized treatment plant or, alternatively, at the primary point source, e.g. hospitals. In this study, the environmental impacts of different options, as a function of several advanced ...
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Effects of the cometabolite/growth substrate ratio on the aerobic degradation of 4-monochlorophenol
Chlorinated phenolic compounds like 4-monochlorophenol (4CP) are characterized by high toxicity even at relatively low concentrations and by strong persistency in both water and soils. Since cometabolism was proved to enhance 4CP biological removal, a conventional Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used in this study for the cometabolic aerobic degradation of 4CP at different influent ...
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