traffic emissions Articles
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Daily variation of traffic emissions in Athens, Greece
In this work, the emissions of four pollutants (CO, Benzene, NOx and PM10) during a working day were estimated and presented in main avenues of Athens, Greece with the aid of the COPERT methodology. The data used as input to the COPERT III was collected through a measuring campaign every 15 min and lane for the time period 07.30-17.30 of a weekday. The results revealed the CO, Benzene, NOx and ...
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A street canyon model for low wind-speed conditions
The aim of the present work is to develop a simple model in order to calculate the vertical pollutant distribution inside a street canyon at low wind speed. It is aimed at providing a relationship between traffic emission and the pollutant in excess. It is assumed that street ventilation is controlled by the vertical turbulent diffusion. The diffusion coefficient Kz must be known. In the present ...
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Influence of land-sea breezes on nocturnal ozone maxima observed in urban sites
Sometimes nocturnal ozone maxima have been observed, contrasting with the nocturnal minimum values of typical daily profile. The influence of land-sea breeze on the nocturnal ozone maxima was analysed in two urban sites strongly influenced by traffic emissions. Results showed that the increase in nocturnal ozone concentration, as well as its maxima was caused by horizontal advection of ozone, ...
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Assessment of air pollution in the conurbation of Munich: present and future
Traffic emissions have a severe impact to the environment with all its socio-economic consequences in urban conglomerations. Traffic emissions will still increase in the future, whereas other categories of emissions will decrease within the next years. Numerical simulations are a useful tool to assess the effect of different emissions on the regional air quality of primary and secondary ...
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Performance evaluation of a general finite line source model for NO x concentrations obtained from a motorway in Ireland
The relative performance of a general finite line source model (GFLSM) is assessed using measured NO x concentrations obtained adjacent to an urban motorway using CEF and HEF. The predicted concentrations are compared with monitored concentrations obtained over a continuous sampling period of one year. Statistical and graphical analyses of the monitored and modelled data are employed to ...
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Separate determination of PM10 emission factors of road traffic for tailpipe emissions and emissions from abrasion and resuspension processes
Little is known about the relevance of mechanically produced particles of road traffic from abrasion and resuspension processes in relation to the exhaust pipe particles. In this paper, emission factors of PM10 and PM1 for light and heavy-duty vehicles were derived for different representative traffic regimes from concentration differences of particles and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in ambient air ...
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Modelling of air pollution in the area of Algiers City, Algeria
Algiers is the political and economic capital of Algeria. The city drains a large part of the activities of the country with intense road traffic. This road traffic is the main source of air pollution, followed by industry and waste combustion. An application of the new road traffic emission model, called EMISENS, is performed to build road traffic emission inventories for the Algiers region. ...
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Modelling street canyon pollution: model requirements and expectations
Dispersion of pollution from traffic in urban street canyons is governed by a complex wind flow structure, which hardly can be described by traditional Gaussian models. On the other hand, some simple rules can be used to provide rough estimates of pollution levels, especially considering the worst-case conditions. The model requirements will thus also depend on the particular application and the ...
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Temporal variations of BTX compounds in Bursa/Turkey atmosphere
Ambient concentrations of C2–C12 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at Bursa, which is the fourth largest city of Turkey. Two measurement campaigns were carried out between September 14 to November 6, 2005 and March 17 to May 10, 2006. Fifty one VOCs were regularly determined in each chromatogram. However, only BTX compounds are discussed in this study. Concentrations of BTX ...
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High O 3 episodes in Thailand’s Bangkok Metropolitan Regions: sources, spatio-temporal variations and associations with O 3 precursors and meteorological factors
High ozone levels were often observed from December to April at suburban stations in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). Wind direction analyses show significant roles of air masses from outside BMR on elevating the BMR O 3 levels. These air masses include biomass burning smoke from the northwestern BMR and sea spray from the Gulf of Thailand mixing with industrial emissions from the ...
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Characterisation of non-methane organic compounds collected in an industrial urban area
The airborne Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOCs) were measured during rush hour and non-rush hour at two traffic sites and an industrial site in the largest industrial city in Taiwan. The results showed the major components in their NMOCs profiles were similar among the three sites. Aromatics compounds were the dominant species group (31-61%), and toluene is the major HAPs species. The results ...
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Evaluation of new model tools for meeting the targets of the EU Air Quality Directive: a case study on the studded tyre use in Sweden
Two new model tools have been developed for meeting the EU Air Quality Directive targets: SIMAIRroad (related to traffic emissions) and SIMAIRrwc (rwc standing for residential wood combustion). The models have been evaluated for different traffic situations and for residential areas with wood combustion, with promising results. The models can calculate PM10 statistics, such as mean values and 90 ...
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Air pollution at street level in European cities
Traffic-related air pollution is still one of the most pressing problems in urban areas. Evidence of the adverse health effects of fine particulate matter is continuously emerging and it is alarming that most of the traffic-related emissions are in the fine particulates range (< PM2.5). Human exposure to increased pollutant concentrations in densely populated urban areas is high. The improvement ...
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Particle re-suspension in street canyon with two-way traffic
The paper focuses on determination of the wind threshold velocity of re-suspension (at the height of 10 m) and the near-ground air threshold velocity of re-suspension (at the height of 0.25 m) for particles of size 10 µm in a particular urban street canyon with two-way traffic. The wind threshold velocity of re-suspension is derived from a long-term measurement carried out in the city of Brno. A ...
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Relationship between trace elemental composition in Fraxinus pennsylvanica bark and the incidence of some respiratory diseases in Cordoba, Argentina
In order to evaluate the use of Fraxinus pennsylvanica as a biomonitor of trace elements and to investigate their relationship with the incidence of some respiratory diseases in children, bark samples of F. pennsylvanica were collected at ten sampling sites near healthcare centres in Cordoba city, Argentina, and analysed by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence with synchrotron radiation. Factor ...
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Modelling national air quality strategy scenarios with UKIAM: uncertainties emerging from the integration of multiple spatial scales
For the UK's air quality strategy we assessed future scenarios involving reductions of emissions from traffic based on results from the UK integrated assessment model for national emissions integrated with European contributions from the Abatement Strategies Assessment Model. We quantify the uncertainties and assumptions relating to the percentage of primary NO2 in NOX emissions, background NOX ...
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Traffic emission effects on ambient air pollution by PM2.5–related PAH in Upper Silesia, Poland
The ambient concentration of particle–bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in two industrial towns in Upper Silesia, Poland. The 24 h samples of PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) were collected simultaneously at busy roads (or crossroads) and at an urban background site. Additionally, the samples were collected during the heaviest traffic density (rush ...
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Application of The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) to the urban airshed of Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been faced with air pollution problems as a result of increasing traffic emissions. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) was employed to simulate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations based on an emissions inventory data. The hourly CO concentrations from a year-long simulation have been evaluated against observations from six monitoring sites. The simulated concentrations were evaluated ...
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An approach for road air emissions calculation: Portuguese case-study
A methodology to estimate road transportation emissions was developed with the main objective of improving emission estimates for those pollutants that are most dependent on the vehicle class and abatement technology. Emissions were estimated with a detailed level of disaggregation allowing the evaluation of measures aiming key source groups rather than road traffic in general. Those measures ...
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Study of regional dilution and transformation processes of the air pollution from road transport
The objective of this work is to study in detail the dilution processes of the plumes and the chemical transformations of pollutants generated by road transport. The numerical simulations are carried out using the MODELS-3 nesting abilities, downscaling to a horizontal resolution of 10 km, the innermost domain including a region with very intensive road transport – the city of London and its ...
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