traffic emissions modeling Articles
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Study of regional dilution and transformation processes of the air pollution from road transport
The objective of this work is to study in detail the dilution processes of the plumes and the chemical transformations of pollutants generated by road transport. The numerical simulations are carried out using the MODELS-3 nesting abilities, downscaling to a horizontal resolution of 10 km, the innermost domain including a region with very intensive road transport – the city of London and its ...
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Modelling of air pollution in the area of Algiers City, Algeria
Algiers is the political and economic capital of Algeria. The city drains a large part of the activities of the country with intense road traffic. This road traffic is the main source of air pollution, followed by industry and waste combustion. An application of the new road traffic emission model, called EMISENS, is performed to build road traffic emission inventories for the Algiers region. ...
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An assessment of urban VOC emissions and concentrations by comparing model results and measurements
From September 1994 to June 1996, the city of Antwerp carried out a volatile organic compound (VOC) measurement campaign in the urban agglomeration of Antwerp. The results were used to further validate a traffic emission model for the city of Antwerp and to evaluate the performance of three different "street canyon" models that were applied to calculate benzene concentrations at ten ...
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Modelling street canyon pollution: model requirements and expectations
Dispersion of pollution from traffic in urban street canyons is governed by a complex wind flow structure, which hardly can be described by traditional Gaussian models. On the other hand, some simple rules can be used to provide rough estimates of pollution levels, especially considering the worst-case conditions. The model requirements will thus also depend on the particular application and the ...
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Performance evaluation of a general finite line source model for NO x concentrations obtained from a motorway in Ireland
The relative performance of a general finite line source model (GFLSM) is assessed using measured NO x concentrations obtained adjacent to an urban motorway using CEF and HEF. The predicted concentrations are compared with monitored concentrations obtained over a continuous sampling period of one year. Statistical and graphical analyses of the monitored and modelled data are employed to ...
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Cleaner transport technology most efficient to ensure compliance with 2010 NO2 limit values in Copenhagen, Denmark
An integrated traffic and air quality modelling approach was used to assess the impacts of local abatement measures to study compliance with European Union (EU) air quality limit values for NO2 and PM10. The abatement measures included four scenarios: municipal traffic management, toll ring or road pricing, cleaner transport technology as part of an environmental zone, and maximum effect – a ...
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The challenge of improving urban air quality: effects of hybrid cars, introduction in Barcelona and Madrid (Spain)
WRF–ARW/HERMES/CMAQ modelling system is applied with high resolution (1 km², 1 h) to assess changes in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) air quality due to hybrid cars introduction. The substitution of the oldest cars by hybrids is effective to reduce NO2 and PM2.5 levels in the conurbations (up to 35%/12% in Madrid downtown, when 30% of cars are changed). In VOC–limited areas, as Barcelona, the NOx ...
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Modelling the meteorology and traffic pollutant dispersion in highly complex terrain: the ALPNAP Alpine Space Project
An integrated methodology was applied, within the framework of the ALPNAP Project, to study the meteorology and traffic pollutant dispersion in highly complex topography, the Frejus Alpine transect area. Three episodes, characterised by strongly critical dispersive conditions, were considered in the year 2004. The atmospheric circulation and pollutant dispersion were simulated using RMS ...
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Assessment of air pollution in the conurbation of Munich: present and future
Traffic emissions have a severe impact to the environment with all its socio-economic consequences in urban conglomerations. Traffic emissions will still increase in the future, whereas other categories of emissions will decrease within the next years. Numerical simulations are a useful tool to assess the effect of different emissions on the regional air quality of primary and secondary ...
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Application of urban street canyon models for predicting vehicular pollution in an urban area in Dublin, Ireland
The relative performance of two atmospheric dispersion models STREET and OSPM is assessed using measured CO and NOx data obtained adjacent to an urban street canyon. This paper in particular, evaluates the performance of STREET, a mathematical model, to determine its suitability as an alternative to the OSPM model, which is a more elaborate numerical model. The performances of the models are ...
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Modelling national air quality strategy scenarios with UKIAM: uncertainties emerging from the integration of multiple spatial scales
For the UK's air quality strategy we assessed future scenarios involving reductions of emissions from traffic based on results from the UK integrated assessment model for national emissions integrated with European contributions from the Abatement Strategies Assessment Model. We quantify the uncertainties and assumptions relating to the percentage of primary NO2 in NOX emissions, background NOX ...
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Comparison of model predictions and measurements near a major road in an urban area
We have compared measured concentration data with predictions from a dispersion modelling system. The measurement campaign was conducted near a major road in the Helsinki Metropolitan area during two months of 1994. The concentrations of five gaseous pollutants (NO, NO2, O3, CO and SO2) were measured at three heights, together with the simultaneous measurement of traffic densities and the ...
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Numerical study for the flow around moving cars and its effect on the dispersion of the traffic emitted pollution within a road tunnel
This paper presents results from a numerical study which was conducted in order to investigate the effect of the flow around moving vehicles on the dispersion and the concentration of traffic emitted pollution within the Traforo Umberto road tunnel in the city centre of Rome. A series of three dimensional numerical transient simulations were performed using the commercial CFD code Ansys CFX 5.7.1 ...
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Application of The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) to the urban airshed of Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been faced with air pollution problems as a result of increasing traffic emissions. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) was employed to simulate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations based on an emissions inventory data. The hourly CO concentrations from a year-long simulation have been evaluated against observations from six monitoring sites. The simulated concentrations were evaluated ...
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Artificial neural network based vehicular pollution prediction model: a practical approach for urban air quality prediction
The achievement of local air quality management goals in densely populated built-up urban areas often requires short-term air quality plans or emission management policies. Vehicular pollution modelling is an effective tool in managing the vehicular exhaust emissions in urban environments. In the recent past, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based vehicular pollution models are found to be useful ...
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Small scale particulate matter measurements and dispersion modelling in the inner city of Liège, Belgium
In the framework of the Interreg–IV 'PM–Lab' project a local–scale exercise was set up to evaluate air pollution in terms of particulate matter (PM) within the centre of Liège, Belgium (pop. 190,000). Sixteen sites distributed on a boulevard and its side streets were selected to determine the spatio–temporal variation of PM concentration in this traffic–dominated area. In addition to the in situ ...
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Lagrangian modelling evaluation of the NOx pollution reduction due to electric vehicles introduction
In this paper, the problem of the atmospheric pollution due to the traffic emission from a large freeway is faced. To this aim, numerical simulations were performed and compared with measured data in a real case. The Lagrangian particle model includes a simple chemical scheme for the reactions between NOx and ozone. The results, compared with a field experiment taken in the literature, show that ...
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ADMS-Urban: an air quality management system for traffic, domestic and industrial pollution
The new version of the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System for urban environments, ADMS-Urban, is based on the same up-to-date physics as the ADMS model, outlined briefly here in Section 2. The basic model has been the subject of extensive validation studies: as part of this series of European Harmonisation Workshops; sponsored by HMIP (Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, now part of the ...
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The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project
The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the COPERT methodology. The comparison also reveals the ...
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A decision support system for air quality management combining GIS and optimisation techniques
This paper describes a multi-tiered approach to the design of plans and policies for urban environmental management, in particular air quality, as related to the energy and transportation sectors. The approach is based on the iterative combination of sectoral and global optimisation models, including a discrete multi-criteria approach, and spatially distributed air quality models. The approach ...
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