trihalomethane concentration Articles
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Probabilistic exposure assessment to total trihalomethanes in drinking water: an EVT method
It was proved that some adverse reproductive outcomes are associated with the exposure to trihalomethanes. We define the exposure as the probability with which the total trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water exceeds the maximum level. We apply the Peaks of Threshold model of Extreme Value Theory into assessing the exposure risk for the drinking water in Japanese distribution systems. ...
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Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachates at pilot scale: evaluation of energy needs
Two of the main drawbacks to be overcome before full scale implementation of boron-doped diamond electro-oxidation were addressed in this work; its energy consumption and hazard of formation of chlorinated organics. This was framed within a study in which the technical and economic feasibility of BDD electro-oxidation of landfill leachate was evaluated at pilot scale. On one hand, its technical ...
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THM Removal in Two 300,000 Gallon clearwells - Case study
Greater than 60% THM reduction observed Topics: clearwell, certified tests, chlorine, trihalomethane reduction, stratification System Overview: Water flows in series through Clearwell #1 to # 2, then onto distribution. Tank / Reservoir Build Information: Tank Type: Two (2) Identical, Cylindrical, Steel GST Tank Size (Gallons): 300,000 Height (ft.): 16.75 Diameter (ft.): 58 Roof Type: ...
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Modeling trihalomethane formation for Jabal Amman water supply in Jordan
A mathematical model that expresses Total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentration in terms of initial chlorine concentration, total organic carbon, bromide ion concentration, contact time, and pH is developed for Zai water treatment plant which supplies water to Jabal Amman. The developed mathematical model is for constant temperature of 20°C. To adjust model calculated TTHM concentrations for ...
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Water residence time in a distribution system and its impact on disinfectant residuals and trihalomethanes
The most critical water quality conditions are generally found at a water distribution network's extremities, given their high residence times. As chlorine injected at the water treatment plant (WTP) or at rechlorination sites has more time to react, residual chlorine concentrations at the extremities may not be enough to prevent microbial regrowth. This study focuses on the relationships between ...
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THM Removal in a 750,000 gallon tank - Case study
>60% reduction in TTHMs achieved. Topics: trihalomethane reduction, spray aeration System Overview: This municipality purchases water from a neighboring community. Disinfectant Type: Chlorine Tank / Reservoir Build Information: Name: East Tank Volume: 750,000 gallons Construction: welded steel Height: 45 feet. Diameter: 60 feet Type: ground storage Daily Inflow: 150,000 gallons ...
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The comparative study of trihalomethanes in drinking water
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess exposure of four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) in drinking waters of Okinawa Island and Samoa. Trihalomethanes compounds were determined in the drinking water samples that were collected from the selected consumption sites and treatment plants of both Okinawa and Samoa in 2003-2004. The ...
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Potable tank mixing & THM removal - Case study
Topics: potable, THM reduction, TTHM, stratification/water age, chloramine Overview: This tank is a multi-leg, torus-bottom tank with a capacity of 300,000 gallons. Overall tank height is 84 ft.; the wet riser height is 49 ft. and the height of the bowl is 35 ft. The maximum fill rate is 560 GPM, and typical inflow is estimated at 300,000 GPD. The water source for the treatment plant is a ...
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Application of Magnetized Anion Exchange Resin for Removal of DOC at the Coldiron Watkins Memorial Water Treatment Plant in Danville, KY
According to data gathered by the Information Collection Rule1, surface water treatment plants (SWTPs) can expect treated-water total haloacetic acid concentrations to be less than total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentrations. However, many SWTPs are plagued with distribution system haloacetic acid (HAA5) concentrations that are higher than TTHM concentrations. The 10 million gallons per day (MGD) ...
By Ixom
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Potable tank mixing & THM removal - Case study
Topics: potable, THM removal, TTHM, stratification/water age, chlorine Overview: This location consists of three potable water tanks serving the potable water needs of a city. These three tanks, Tanks 100, 110 & 120, are steel ground storage tanks with an average capacity of 2.4 MG, average tank height of 24 ft. and an average diameter of 134 ft. The average flow rate is 355,000 gpd ...
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Understanding the behaviour of molecular weight fractions of natural organic matter to improve water treatment processes
Water utilities have experienced increasing pressure to minimise the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), as reflected in the increasingly stringent regulations and guidelines for the concentrations of DBPs in drinking water. Understanding the disinfection characteristics and molecular weight (MW) distribution of natural organic matter (NOM) will assist in the optimisation of drinking ...
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Monitoring of chlorination disinfection by-products and their associated health risks in drinking water of Pakistan
This study reports the baseline data of chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and their associated health risks in the water distribution network of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. THM monitoring was carried out at 30 different sampling sites across the twin cities for 6 months. The average concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and chloroform ranged ...
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Disinfection byproduct formation potentials of wetlands, agricultural drains, and rivers and the effect of biodegradation on
Received for publication January 12, 2009. Trihalomethane (THM) precursors are a significant problem in the San Joaquin River (SJR) watershed, an important source of drinking water for >20 million people. Trihalomethane precursors diminish drinking water quality and are formed during natural decomposition of organic matter in aquatic systems. This study sought to identify sources of ...
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Trihalomethane (THM) Removal in a Clearwell - Case Study
60% reduction of total THMs achieved. No more worries about EPA compliance. Topics: clearwell, certified tests, chlorine, trihalomethane reduction, stratification System Overview: This is a two (2) clearwell system with water flow in series through Clearwell #1, Clearwell #2, then to distribution. Clearwell Build Information: Tank Type: Two identical partially buried concrete tanks Tank ...
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Disinfection by-product occurrence in selected European waters
In this paper we report the findings of a European survey of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking waters in selected regions that were part of epidemiology studies. The levels of DBPs found reflected the diverse regions from which the samples were collected, the different treatment/disinfection processes and the different source waters. In addition to a wide range ...
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Disinfection byproduct formation potentials of wetlands, agricultural drains, and rivers and the effect of biodegradation on trihalomethane precursors
Trihalomethane (THM) precursors are a significant problem in the San Joaquin River (SJR) watershed, an important source of drinking water for >20 million people. Trihalomethane precursors diminish drinking water quality and are formed during natural decomposition of organic matter in aquatic systems. This study sought to identify sources of chlorine-reactive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ...
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Use of a Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin to Improve DBP Precursor Removal and Reduce Coagulant Usage at Lee County`s OLGA WTP
The 5 MGD Olga WTP in Lee County, Ft Myers, treats water from the Caloosahatchee River where TOC and color levels range from 15-25mg/L and 80-350 Pt Co Units respectively. This surface water presents many treatment challenges and treatment costs are high with alum doses in excess of 200mg/L required during times of the year to provide an adequate treated water quality. As part of Lee County’s ...
By Ixom
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Magnetic Ion Exchange Solves Problems
In 2004, Big Elk Water Association, near Estes Park, Colo., earned the unenviable Environmental Working Group label of Colorado water system with the worst quality water. Despite multiprocess treatment, BEWA’s finished water had some of the highest concentrations of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5) in the state. BEWA delivers water to about 390 people in Big Elk Meadows, ...
By Ixom
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Optical Assessment of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Natural organic matter is present in all sources of drinking water. When chlorine is used for drinking-water treatment, a portion of the natural organic matter reacts to form halogenated compounds, referred to as disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are regulated by the USEPA due to their health effects. The implementation of stricter drinking-water quality regulations for DBPs has ...
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