urban air quality modeling Articles
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Development of a GIS-based urban air quality modelling system for transport-related pollution
In recent years motor vehicles have become the dominant source of air pollution in metropolitan areas. Hence, the assessment of transport-related air quality is of major concern to policymakers and municipal planners. This paper describes an urban air quality modelling system for evaluating the environmental effects of transport related air pollution. A preliminary evaluation of the model has ...
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Are you interested in doing a PhD investigating air quality using ADMS-Urban?
CERC are supporting a PhD studentship at Nottingham University, which will investigate possible links between poor air quality, long-term illness and social deprivation. The project will explore the changing spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 across the City of Nottingham using available monitoring data and CERC's high-resolution urban air quality model, ADMS-Urban. These data will be ...
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Effects of meteorological parameters on RSPM concentration in urban Delhi
The adverse effect of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) has become a well-recognised problem in environmental science. Dispersion and dilution of air pollutants are strongly influenced by meteorological parameters, namely wind, turbulence, and atmospheric stability. The analysis of Delhi's air quality data shows that winter is the most critical season with respect to the ...
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Towards use of grids in environmental research, management and policy
The emerging technology of the grid will enable distributed "virtual organisations" to flexibly share resources including data, software, hardware and expertise. Potential applications in urban air quality illustrate that in addition to underpinning scientific research, grid technology can contribute strongly to environmental monitoring, decision-making and policy-making. Amongst factors that ...
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Air quality assessment in Bologna by an urban dispersion model
An urban dispersion model (ADMS?Urban) was run to calculate PM10 and NO2 concentration during a one-year period, on a district of Bologna, Italy. Moreover, the exposure of 333 children was estimated using model outputs corrected with observations. The model was able to correctly simulate the long-term statistical properties of roadside observed concentrations (such as annual mean and frequency ...
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Parametric study of the dispersion aspects in a street-canyon area
Most modern cities practically consist of street canyons, making monitoring of the level of their pollution an important issue. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of pollutant dispersion was performed for a real, complex-geometry street canyon for various wind directions and speeds. Typical street-canyon effects – like the formation of a longitudinal vortex for wind ...
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Applying model calculations to estimate urban air quality with respect to the requirements of the EU directives on NO2, PM10 and C6H
Population exposure for NO2, PM10 and C6H6 for two Norwegian cities has been estimated for the year 2001. Calculated exposure levels have been related to the EU Council Directive limit levels of air quality. A stationary population distribution has been applied in the exposure calculations and a ranking of the most important sources contributing to the exceedances has been established. Results ...
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Source apportionment of PM2.5 in urban areas using multiple linear regression as an inverse modelling technique
One method to assess the source contribution of particulate matter to urban air quality is through inverse modelling where emissions are estimated using dispersion models and monitoring data. In this paper, a straightforward inverse modelling method, using Multiple Linear Regression, is described and applied to the urban area of Oslo for PM2.5. The results of the inverse modelling method are ...
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Assessing the impact of particulate matter sources in the Milan urban area
The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model of the US-EPA was applied to PM10 data obtained during a field study performed in the Milan urban area, including daily average concentrations, element and ion concentrations. Two chemical fingerprints were estimated to characterise total traffic emissions and diesel engine exhaust emissions. Four main source groups were identified: road traffic, ...
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Field experiments of flow and dispersion within a street canyon in outdoor urban scale model
Field experiments of air flow and pollution dispersion within a street canyon in the Comprehensive Outdoor Scale Model (COSMO) facility were conducted to investigate the effect of the mean and turbulent flow above the canyon on pollutant dispersion inside the canyon. Tracer gas concentration was measured using fast–response photo ionisation detectors. Three–dimensional wind velocity components ...
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Developments in ADMS-Airport to take account of near field dispersion and applications to Heathrow Airport
ADMS-Airport is based on the ADMS-Urban system for modelling urban air quality. In the near field it employs a quasi-Gaussian dispersion model and this is nested within a trajectory model. Aircraft sources are treated explicitly as accelerating jets. Application of the model to air quality calculations was conducted for the Model Inter-Comparison (MIC) Study of Project for the Sustainable ...
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Efficient calculation of urban scale air pollutant dispersion and transformation using the OFIS model within the framework of CityDelta
CityDelta is a model intercomparison exercise that assesses the performance of the participating models and compares them against observational data, allowing at the same time their validation and further development. In this framework, OFIS, an Eulerian photochemical dispersion model, was applied in several European cities, for both gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. The basic concept of ...
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ADMS and ADMS-Urban
ADMS and ADMS-Urban are new generation air quality models that are easy to use and attractively presented. They run on a PC under Windows and are suitable for modelling of industrial and urban dispersion problems for comparison with limits, planning, and 'what if' scenarios. Each model can be linked to a GIS (geographical information system) for simple entry of sources and clear presentation of ...
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Lisbon air quality: evaluating traffic hot-spots
This paper presents an air quality study in an urban traffic hot-spot in Lisbon, Portugal, by comparing the atmospheric pollutant concentrations obtained by a numerical model with measured values. Results indicate that the mean variation of particle and gaseous concentrations followed the traffic flow rate, evidencing the occurrence of PM10 concentrations greater than the respective air quality ...
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Forecasting air quality in the Greater Athens area for the year 2004: an intercomparison of the results of four different dispersion models
Forecasts for the NOx concentration levels in the Greater Athens area in 2004 are compared to the corresponding figures for 1990. Simulations are performed for two meteorological cases using four different dispersion models. Two different emission inventories are employed in the simulations. The first is based on the conditions for the year 1990, while the second is the reference scenario for the ...
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Small scale particulate matter measurements and dispersion modelling in the inner city of Liège, Belgium
In the framework of the Interreg–IV 'PM–Lab' project a local–scale exercise was set up to evaluate air pollution in terms of particulate matter (PM) within the centre of Liège, Belgium (pop. 190,000). Sixteen sites distributed on a boulevard and its side streets were selected to determine the spatio–temporal variation of PM concentration in this traffic–dominated area. In addition to the in situ ...
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Using a calculation model to prevent serious air pollution from traffic
The municipality of Utrecht has ten years of experience with exceeding the pollution limit values for NO2 and benzene, and offering advice for traffic plans on the effects of air pollution. Utrecht promotes prevention and integration of environmental issues in traffic plans and town planning. Utrecht has widened the use of the Dutch air pollution model for traffic (CAR) to prevent new exceeding ...
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Evaluation of AirGIS: a GIS–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system
This study describes in brief the latest extensions of the Danish Geographic Information System (GIS)–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system (AirGIS), which has been developed in Denmark since 2001 and gives results of an evaluation with measured air pollution data. The system shows, in general, a good performance for both long–term averages (annual and monthly averages), ...
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Dispersion modelling of traffic particulate matter in city–scale area
This paper introduces utilisation of the CFD technique for modelling of PM10 (particulate matter 10 µm) dispersion in urban areas, with focus on detailed description of processes in the ground surface boundary layer. The description of deposition and re–suspension processes is introduced and applied on the city–scale model of the city of Brno (pop. 400,000). The air threshold velocity of ...
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Assessment of HPAC urban modelling capabilities using data from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment
An independent evaluation was conducted of four urban prediction models included in the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) (Version 4.0). This evaluation focused on comparing HPAC predictions with data obtained during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU03) field experiment in Oklahoma City. These models were run using a variety of meteorological ...
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