urban air quality modeling Articles
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Environmental impact assessment of air quality in street canyons related to council directives 1999/30/EC and 2000/69/EC
Council directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management requires the development of action plans for zones where concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed limit values. The directive also recognises air quality models as assessment tools. We discuss the application of an integrated air quality model, Air quality modelling in Urban Regions using an Optimal Resolution ...
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Using a calculation model to prevent serious air pollution from traffic
The municipality of Utrecht has ten years of experience with exceeding the pollution limit values for NO2 and benzene, and offering advice for traffic plans on the effects of air pollution. Utrecht promotes prevention and integration of environmental issues in traffic plans and town planning. Utrecht has widened the use of the Dutch air pollution model for traffic (CAR) to prevent new exceeding ...
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Application of The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) to the urban airshed of Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been faced with air pollution problems as a result of increasing traffic emissions. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) was employed to simulate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations based on an emissions inventory data. The hourly CO concentrations from a year-long simulation have been evaluated against observations from six monitoring sites. The simulated concentrations were evaluated ...
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Evaluation of AirGIS: a GIS–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system
This study describes in brief the latest extensions of the Danish Geographic Information System (GIS)–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system (AirGIS), which has been developed in Denmark since 2001 and gives results of an evaluation with measured air pollution data. The system shows, in general, a good performance for both long–term averages (annual and monthly averages), ...
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Numerical model of urban aerodynamics and pollution dispersion
For analysis of atmospheric processes in the urban environment, the microscale meteorological and dispersion model M2UE is suggested, which takes into account a complex character of aerodynamics in non-uniform urban relief. The three-dimensional version of the model includes a system of Reynolds equations, two-equation k-ε model of turbulence and the 'advection-diffusion' equation to simulate ...
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Evaluations of urban atmospheric transport and dispersion models using data from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment
We have evaluated the performance of several urban Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (AT&D) models by comparing model predictions to tracer gas concentrations measured during the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment in Oklahoma City, USA. These models include the Urban Canopy, Urban Dispersion Model (UDM), and Micro–SWIFT/SPRAY (MSS) modes within the HPAC modelling suite, QUIC–URB/QUIC–PLUME ...
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The impact of landfills on the air quality of towns: a simple heuristic model for the city of Palermo
In this study, the landfill of Palermo, is investigated as a potential source of the unusual methane concentrations found in the urban context. The source for these pollution episodes is identified by means of a simple heuristic method. A cross-correlation analysis between wind data and methane concentration levels is also used to confirm the hypotheses formulated. Doppler Sound Detection And ...
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An approach for determining urban concentration increments
A simple approach for accurately estimating an urban concentration increment on top of the regional background for urban areas in Europe is presented. The method operates by establishing a functional relationship between the concentration increment and the local meteorological situation, the city characteristics, the urban emissions and the background concentrations. In the current study, the ...
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Application of urban street canyon models for predicting vehicular pollution in an urban area in Dublin, Ireland
The relative performance of two atmospheric dispersion models STREET and OSPM is assessed using measured CO and NOx data obtained adjacent to an urban street canyon. This paper in particular, evaluates the performance of STREET, a mathematical model, to determine its suitability as an alternative to the OSPM model, which is a more elaborate numerical model. The performances of the models are ...
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Air pollution in a street canyon estimated considering different parameterisations of vehicle–induced turbulence
Leeward air pollutant concentrations (C) are estimated by incorporating four parameterisations of traffic–produced turbulence (TPT) into the scaling of C inside a street canyon. Three parameterisations consider expressions previously introduced by other authors, based on a theoretical formulation of TPT and a semi–empirical approach already incorporated in an operational street model. The fourth ...
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Science and policy challenges of atmospheric modelling in consideration of health effects
Next generation atmospheric models are required to provide a realistic assessment of different types of chronic and acute environmental conditions and forecast the consequences on population health. These tasks were usually carried out with epidemiological studies, which are not adequate to indicate health effects. Therefore, models should be capable to carry out hazard identification, ...
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Simple model of the Urban Atmospheric Boundary Layer (UABL)
The horizontally homogeneous atmospheric boundary layer over a rough surface with a large roughness length z0 has been investigated to model the simplest cases of the Urban Atmospheric Boundary Layer (UABL) over a flat plain. It has been demonstrated that the nondimensional profiles of the horizontal Reynolds stresses of eddy viscosity and of velocity defect components are universal and ...
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The challenge of improving urban air quality: effects of hybrid cars, introduction in Barcelona and Madrid (Spain)
WRF–ARW/HERMES/CMAQ modelling system is applied with high resolution (1 km², 1 h) to assess changes in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) air quality due to hybrid cars introduction. The substitution of the oldest cars by hybrids is effective to reduce NO2 and PM2.5 levels in the conurbations (up to 35%/12% in Madrid downtown, when 30% of cars are changed). In VOC–limited areas, as Barcelona, the NOx ...
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A modelling system for air quality management
To develop effective air quality management strategies at regional and urban levels requires the preparation of several actions belonging to different scientific areas and analysis of their complex interactions. A well-structured management system must be based on efficient tools that integrate diverse sets of information - emissions, traffic, meteorological variables and air quality data. ...
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Analysis of the impact of the new Athens airport on urban air quality with contemporary air pollution models
The new airport of Athens will be constructed in the Spata area to the east of the Athens basin. In an attempt to reveal how the airport operation will influence air quality in Athens, the transport of air pollutants in the Athens basin and the Spata area is studied by applying a set of contemporary models, all constituents of the European Zooming Model (EZM). Simulations were performed for ...
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Using ADMS models for Air Quality Assessment and Management in China
Many cities and regions are undertaking studies of air quality in cities to determine both the current state of the environment and the effect of future economic and environmental strategies in order to manage local air quality. Often these studies are driven by legislation such as the European Union requirement to model agglomerations or the Chinese requirements to study air quality capacity and ...
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Pollution abatement for improving air quality of Tangshan municipality, China: a perspective of urban-airshed carrying-capacity concept
This paper presents a perspective of Urban-Airshed Carrying-Capacity (UACC) concept for air pollution abatement in Tangshan Municipality, China. A 3D Multi-Box Air Quality Prediction (3DMBAQP) model was developed for predicting daily average SO2, TSP and PM10 concentrations in each sub-box of different municipal Function Zones (FZs). A 6-step procedure was designed to determine the UACC levels ...
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A metamodelling implementation of a two–way coupled mesoscale–microscale flow model for urban area simulations
Systems of coupled prognostic mesoscale and microscale models have been suggested as a tool to accurately simulate flows around artificial structures and over densely built urban areas. Implementations of such two–way coupling are burdened by scale mismatches as well as the formidable computational cost of online microscale calculations. A simplifying approach is proposed, where microscale ...
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A neural network-based approach for the prediction of urban SO2 concentrations in the Istanbul metropolitan area
A three-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to forecast air pollution levels. The subsequent SO2 concentration (24-hour averaged) being the output parameter of this study was estimated by seven input parameters such as preceding SO2 concentrations (24-hour averaged), average daily temperature, sea-level pressure, relative humidity, cloudiness, average daily wind speed and ...
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Report on COST 615 Action "Database, monitoring and modelling of urban air pollution"
COST is a framework for scientific and technical cooperation, allowing the coordination of national research on a European level. It focuses on specific subjects for which there is particular interest in the COST countries. Action 615 concentrated on the physical, chemical and ecological aspects of urban air pollution. It combined activities from 18 European countries. This paper gives an ...
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