urban runoff Articles
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Urban Runoff
Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization. This runoff is a major source of water pollution in many parts of the United States and other urban communities worldwide. Continue reading the full article ...
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Characterisation of Urban Runoff Pollution in Paris
Abstract:Runoff was collected from 4 roofs, 3 courtyards and 6 streets on an experimental catchment in central Paris, and analysed for SS, VSS, COD, BODS, hydrocarbons, heavy metals both as regards dissolved and particles fractions. Whereas street runoff showed important SS, COD and hydrocarbon loads, roof runoff was noticeable for its high concentration of heavy metals... ...
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Efficiencies of multilayer infiltration systems for the removal of urban runoff pollutants
Current rates of urban development will result in water runoff becoming a major complication of urban water pollution. To address the worsening situation regarding water resource shortage and pollution, novel multilayer infiltration systems were designed and their effectiveness for removing pollutants in urban runoff tested experimentally. The multilayer infiltration systems effectively removed ...
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Dry-Weather Metals and Bacteria Loading in an Arid, Urban Watershed: Ballona Creek, California
Dry-season urban runoff from watersheds in arid regions can contribute substantial concentrations and loads of bacteria and metals to downstream receiving waters. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the relative contributions of different sources of these constituents along a specific creek or channel. This study involved analysis of the relative contribution of various storm drain ...
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How Does Urban Runoff Affect Water Quality?
Urban runoff may be a term that not everyone is familiar with, but at the same time, anyone who has lived in a town or city will likely have experienced it at least once in their lifetime. It is also not to be underestimated. It is one of the biggest threats to daily life, homes and wildlife. Read on to learn more about urban runoff and how it can affect water quality in your area. What is ...
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Alkylphenols in atmospheric depositions and urban runoff
A sampling campaign was conducted in order to determine alkylphenol (AP) concentrations in stormwater as well as potential AP sources in suburban environments. An analytical procedure was developed to quantify APs in bulk atmospheric deposition, building runoff, road runoff and stormwater. Both nonylphenols and octylphenols could be quantified in each sample. Median stormwater concentrations ...
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Storm effects on regional beach water quality along the southern California shoreline
Two regional studies conducted during dry weather demonstrated that the Southern California Bight (SCB) shoreline has good water quality, except near areas that drain land-based runoff. Here, we repeat those regional studies 36 h after a rainstorm to assess the influence of runoff under high flow conditions. Two hundred and fifty-four shoreline sites between Santa Barbara, California and ...
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Distributed modelling of urban runoff using a meta-channel concept
Hydraulic flood routing is advantageous for computational accuracy; however, it requires individual calculations of an extensive pipe network in the case of a two-dimensional analysis. In this study, a method for considering the characteristics of a two-dimensional pipe network has been developed using the meta-channel concept to simplify the detailed calculations involved in the estimation of ...
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Freshwater Stream Invertebrates: Response to Water Quality Impairment and Physical Habitat Alteration
Summary Results of three large-scale regional benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs from Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego counties were analyzed. Benthic community quality was quantified using a southern California IBI and was compared to the physical habitat quality scores of each monitoring reach. The purpose of the comparison was to determine if physical habitat quality was a ...
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A two-stage soil infiltration system incorporated with heterotrophic denitrification (TSISHD) for urban runoff treatment
To enhance denitrification performance of soil infiltration, a soil infiltration system incorporated with heterotrophic denitrification (TSISHD) for urban runoff treatment was developed. Sawdust and grass powders were added in the anaerobic stage (ANS) to provide organic carbon sources for the denitrification process, and the reduction environment was improved by iron addition in the ANS. ...
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Diffuse pollution
Diffuse Pollution or Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is water pollution affecting a water body from diffuse sources, such as polluted runoff from agricultural areas draining into a river, or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source pollution can be contrasted with point source pollution, where discharges occur to a body of water at a single location, such as discharges from a ...
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Evaluation of statistical distributions to analyze the pollution of Cd and Pb in urban runoff
Heavy metal pollution in urban runoff causes severe environmental damage. Identification of these pollutants and their statistical analysis is necessary to provide management guidelines. In this study, 45 continuous probability distribution functions were selected to fit the Cd and Pb data in the runoff events of an urban area during October 2014–May 2015. The sampling was conducted from the ...
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Pollution of surface runoff from the territory of Brest, Belarus
The assessment of the influence of urban surface runoff on the quality of river water in the city of Brest was made. Surface runoff was studied in two phases (winter and summer) for the following parameters: pH, total suspended solids (TSS), concentration of chloride, nitrate, phosphate and ammonium ions, total oils. The results show that urban surface runoff is an important source of pollution ...
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Integration of urban runoff and storm sewer models using the OpenMI framework
This paper presents an integrated modeling approach that combines the legacy urban runoff and the legacy storm sewer models with data exchange at runtime to simulate sewer flows with real-time rainfalls. A software system called IRES has been developed to demonstrate the proposed approach. IRES uses the RUNOFF and the EXTRAN block of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) as the legacy urban ...
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Assessment of LID practices for restoring pre-development runoff regime in an urbanized catchment in southern Finland
This study quantifies the effects of common stormwater management techniques on urban runoff generation. Simulated flow rates for different low impact development (LID) scenarios were compared with observed flow rates during different urban construction phases in a catchment (12.3 ha) that was developed from natural forest to a residential area over a monitoring period of 5 years. The Storm ...
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Measurement of cyanide in urban snowmelt and runoff
Ferrocyanide compounds enter the environment as anti-caking additives to road salts. In illuminated aquatic environments, the salts dissociate and form toxic free cyanide, which can then be lost through volatilization. The most common techniques for analysis of cyanide in environmental samples measure total and free (generally weak-acid dissociable, WAD) cyanide species. Cyanide has been detected ...
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Removal of hydrocarbons from synthetic road runoff through adsorptive filters
Compact filter systems, which are installed to significantly reduce the load of pollutants from road runoff, are very promising treatments for urban runoff. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of activated carbon, activated lignite, zero valent iron, exfoliated graphite, amorphous ferric hydroxide, and activated alumina at removing petrol hydrocarbons from synthetic ...
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Greywater reuse through a bioretention system prototype in the arid region
The concept of a greywater-fed bioretention system in arid regions was investigated in this study. Bioretention systems are conventionally used as a source control mechanism for urban runoff. Nevertheless, in arid regions, where rain and urban runoff are not an abundant water resource, their application is limited. Greywater (residential wastewater without toilet and kitchen sources) is ...
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Effect of salinity on the toxicity of road dust in an estuarine amphipod Grandidierella japonica
Urban runoff can reach coastal aquatic environments; however, little is known about the effect of salinity on road runoff toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the toxicity of highway road dust over a salinity gradient from 5 to 35‰, in an estuarine benthic amphipod, Grandidierella japonica. Road dust toxicity was evaluated by assessing mortality after 10 days of exposure ...
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Characterization and first flush analysis in road and roof runoff in Shenyang, China
As urbanization increases, urban runoff is an increasingly important component of total urban non-point source pollution. In this study, the properties of urban runoff were examined in Shenyang, in northeastern China. Runoff samples from a tiled roof, a concrete roof and a main road were analyzed for key pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ...
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