Waste Biodegradation Articles on Environmental XPRT

Biodegradable Municipal Waste Management in Europe

This report is intended as guidance to help decision-makers in their efforts to comply with the EU Landfill Directive's targets for reducing the landfilling of biodegradable municipal waste. The first two parts of the report provide information on the strategies and instruments available to achieve this goal while the third part focusses on technology and market ...

Jan. 2, 2002

By European Environment Agency (EEA)

Influence of the comminution of organic waste on their biodegradability

Organic solids are present in very large quantities as products or waste from agriculture, food industry, household and many other fields. The disposal of organic waste can be realised using biological processes like anaerobic digestion or aerobic composting. The anaerobic digestion has advantages in comparison to composting such as a better handling of wet waste, the production of useful ...

Jan. 2, 1999

By ORBIT e.V.

Economic Analysis of Options for Managing Biodegradable Municipal Waste

The main objective of the study was: To conduct an economic evaluation, that considers both private and social welfare costs and benefits, of existing options for managing the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste. Although all management options (anaerobic digestion, composting, landfilling, incineration, etc.) receive some consideration in the study, the main emphasis has been on the ...

Jan. 1, 2002

Biodegradation Tests for Wastewater Samples

Biodegradation Tests for Wastewater Samples Biodegradation tests usually involve comparison of the oxygen uptake of a test sample – or gas production for anoxic or anaerobic tests – to that for a readily biodegradable control substrate (usually acetic acid, ethanol, or aniline). While biodegradation characteristics can vary among chemical types and wastewater sources, typical patterns are shown ...

Jan. 1, 2003

By Challenge Technology

Characterisation of the recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of waste

This study investigates the use of UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the early development of recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on fresh waste (FW) and composted waste (CW) over a period of 150 days and leachates produced from the degradation of ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Biodegradable Municipal Waste Management in Europe - Part 1: Strategies and instruments PDF

This report is intended as guidance to help decision-makers in their efforts to comply with the EU Landfill Directive's targets for reducing the landfilling of biodegradable municipal waste. The first two parts of the report provide information on the strategies and instruments available to achieve this goal while the third part focusses on technology and market ...

Jan. 1, 2002

By European Environment Agency (EEA)

The physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of biodegradable municipal waste derived composts

A comparative study of the physical, chemical and microbial properties of 12 composts sourced from United Kingdom commercial composting plants was carried out. The aim was to ascertain whether these composts could be used as growing media or for application to agricultural land. The composts were produced from either source segregated biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) or mixed municipal solid ...

Nov. 1, 2007

By BioCycle Magazine

Extent and rate of biodegradation of different organic components in municipal solid waste

Rates and extent of biodegradability of four different organic components of municipal solid waste (leaf litter, newspaper, magazine paper and A4 sheet) were evaluated under optimum conditions. Total solids (TS) removals in biotic samples ranged from 74.7% to 78.8% while volatile solids removals ranged from 75.7% to 84.8%. Significant biodegradation of tannin–lignin was observed for all four ...

Jun. 3, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers

Biodegradable Municipal Waste Management in Europe - Part 2: Strategies and instruments, Appendices

This report is intended as guidance to help decision-makers in their efforts to comply with the EU Landfill Directive's targets for reducing the landfilling of biodegradable municipal waste. The first two parts of the report provide information on the strategies and instruments available to achieve this goal while the third part focusses on technology and market ...

Jan. 2, 2002

By European Environment Agency (EEA)

Organic waste biodegradability test bio methane potential method

Management Summary The biogas production from a mixture of food waste, garden waste, paper, napkins, plastic, metals and glass and anaerobically digested sludge was monitored until gas production had ceased. The homogenised biowaste mixture was subjected to two pre-treatment methods prior to being fed to the BMP reactors, these were: pasteurisation at 70oC ...

Dec. 20, 2014

By Cambi Group AS

Review of Selected Waste Streams: Sewage Sludge, Construction and Demolition Waste, Waste Oils, Waste from Coal-fired Power Plants and Biodegradable Municipal Waste

Five waste streams are reviewed in this technical report: sewage sludge, construction and demolition waste, waste oils, waste from coal-fired power plants and biodegradable municipal waste. The review focuses on the quantities of wastes produced and on systems used to collect and treat them in several European countries and ...

Jan. 1, 2002

By European Environment Agency (EEA)

Temperature–dependent polylactic acid (PLA) anaerobic biodegradability

Polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradability is mostly claimed according to PLA biodegradation behaviour under aerobic composting conditions. However, waste materials containing PLA are frequently disposed of in municipal landfills, which are operated anaerobically. PLA anaerobic sludge digestion results are acquired to elucidate effects of the degrading temperature on PLA biodegradation. When the ...

Aug. 2, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Degradation of biodegradable plastics under controlled composting conditions

The management of solid waste is a growing concern in many countries. Municipal solid waste is a major component of the total solid waste generated by society, and the fraction of municipal solid waste made up of plastic materials continues to increase. The composting of plastic materials along with organic wastes will help society to usefully recycle more of its solid waste and divert it from ...

Jan. 2, 1999

By ORBIT e.V.

Green labels: The walk behind the talk - `Biodegradable`

The word “biodegradable” is probably one of the easiest green labels to understand, so one may assume it is also the least likely to be subject to false claims. However, the term is still interpreted very loosely and frequently used on products that are toxic, that break down into harmful environmental contaminants, or that can take many decades, even centuries, to decompose. On top ...

May 6, 2011

By green24

Biodegradation of Cypermethrin by pseudomonas in a batch activated sludge process

The biodegradation of Cypermethrin (20 to 125 mg/L) in an effluent using batch activated sludge was studied. Degradation was found to occur to a great extent only in the presence of Pseudomonas (IES-Ps-1) culture. Under aerobic conditions using mechanical aerators, Cypermethrin (20 mg/L) was almost completely degraded in just over 48 h at ambient temperature. Further loading of organic compound ...

Oct. 1, 2006

By Center for Environment and Energy Research & Studies (CEERS)

Oxygen and temperature kinetics of aerobic solid-state Biodegradation

Rates of decomposition are of critical interest to operators of most biodegradation processes, since they determine the length of time the process must continue to achieve a particular extent of decomposition. While the goals of the decomposition process vary widely, ranging from reduction of odors or contaminants to production of high valueadded products, most of these goals are impacted by the ...

Jan. 2, 1999

By ORBIT e.V.

Cyanide removal by combined adsorption and biodegradation process

Cyanide is present in environmental matrices and waste streams as simple and complex cyanides, cyanates and nitriles (Ebbs, 2004). Cyanide compounds are extensively used in industry and their effluents are the major source of these toxic pollutants in our environment (Desai and Ramakrishna, 1998). The release of cyanide from industries worldwide has been estimated to be more than 14 million kg/yr ...

Mar. 26, 2006

By University of Tehran

$Sources and levels of potentially toxic elements in the biodegradable fraction of autoclaved non-segregated household waste and its compost/digestate$

Sources and levels of potentially toxic elements in the biodegradable fraction of autoclaved non-segregated household waste and its compost/digestate

Waste that reflected the average UK composition of household waste was treated by autoclaving at the three set pressure/temperature levels of 2.7 bar/130 °C, 6.2 bar/160 °C and 15.5 bar/200 °C. The biodegradable fraction of the autoclaved household waste ('floc') was manually separated by screening and underwent characterization for its Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn content. Autoclaving did not ...

Oct. 1, 2008

By SAGE Publications

Study on accumulation of non–biodegradable solid wastes along Ulhas River of Thane, Mumbai

With the spread of technology, industrialisation and increasing standards of living, the accumulation of non–biodegradable solid waste (NBDSW) is an unwelcome and often unnoticed side effect of 'development' in India. Therefore in the present investigation, attempts are made to quantify major non–biodegradable solid wastes viz. plastics, synthetic rubber and glasses which are accumulated at three ...

Mar. 30, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

The use of methanotrophic applications to control of fugitive methane emissions from the biodegradation of organic waste

Large amounts of methane (CH4) escapes to the atmosphere through fugitive emissions arising from anthropogenic sources. This is detrimental because the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CH4 is 25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) on a 100 year time horizon. As a result, there has been increasing ...

Sep. 26, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

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