water chlorination Articles
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Point-of-use chlorination of turbid water: results from a field study in Tanzania
Household-based chlorine disinfection is widely effective against waterborne bacteria and viruses, and may be among the most inexpensive and accessible options for household water treatment. The microbiological effectiveness of chlorine is limited, however, by turbidity. In Tanzania, there are no guidelines on water chlorination at household level, and limited data on whether dosing guidelines ...
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Evidence of regional differences in chlorine perception by consumers: sensitivity differences or habituation?
Chlorinous flavors are a leading cause of customers' dissatisfaction with drinking water. Potential differences in chlorine perception were investigated by conducting sensory testing experiments in France and Spain to assess consumers' sensory sensitivity (chlorine flavor detection threshold and supra-threshold intensity) as well as their liking of and acceptability for chlorinated solutions. ...
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Survival of human pathogenic bacteria in different types of natural mineral water
The aim of this study was to determine the survival of human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in five natural mineral waters (NMWs) with different properties and mineralization levels. Five NMWs from four Spanish spas with different dry residue at 110 °C were used: A = 76,935 mg/L; B = 1,827 mg/L; C = 808.4 mg/L; D ...
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A novel approach to determine a resin's sorption characteristics for the removal of natural organic matter and arsenic from groundwater
The objective of this work was to study the sorption behavior of the strongly basic and macroporous commercial resin IRA 958-Cl for the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from groundwater in the Melenci settlement located near Zrenjanin (Northern Serbia). The investigation was performed in a pilot plant using native groundwater and the same water after chlorination with sodium hypochlorite. ...
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Golden Treatment Plant Town of Golden, BC, Canada – Case Study
The Chlorination Water Treatment Plant is designed to chlorinate ground water. The equipment consists of a chlorination station to treat ground water for potable use in a prefabricated building which is a “structural panel system” design to withstand rain, snow and wind loading in the Golden area. Also includes chlorine room with Cl gas detection, separate lab room with sink, hot ...
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Formation characteristics of haloacetic acids from phenols in drinking water chlorination
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are typical chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water. Apart from natural organic matter, synthetic organic compounds in raw water contribute to HAAs due to their high frequency of detection in raw water and high reactive activities with chlorine. Formation characteristics of HAAs from synthetic organic compounds were investigated using seven phenols as ...
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Your Tap Water is More Toxic than you Think
At a Glance A new study proves that while adding chlorine to water has kept water clearer of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever, it can leave behind toxic byproducts. These byproducts may have the potential to harm an individual’s long term health. At this point we don't even know all the byproducts left in the water from the current treatment methods. Your tap water might ...
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Chlorine Theory & Measurement
Chlorine, dissolved in liquid is one of the most effective and economical semi-killers for the treatment of water to make it potable or safe to drink. Chlorine's powerful disinfectant qualities come from its ability to bond with and destroy the outer surfaces of bacteria and viruses. Drinking water chlorination is one of the most widely used methods to safeguard chinking water supplies. In ...
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High Rate MAGNAPAK® System reduces high TOC levels at Aireys Inlet
The Aireys Inlet Water Treatment Plant (WTP), located about 150 km from Melbourne, is operated by Barwon Water and sources its raw water from the Painkalac Reservoir. The raw water contains high levels of colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). These factors combined with low alkalinity and variable turbidity make this water very difficult to treat using conventional processes. The existing ...
By Ixom
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HF Pure Water VS. The Coffee Borer Beetle
Recently, HF Pure Water successfully installed a Chlorine Removal System at a small coffee farm on the big island of Hawaii. Like many coffee farms in the area and around the world, the coffee bean crop had been devastated by the Coffee Borer Beetle. An all-out effort was needed to rid the farm’s crops of this beetle as many small farms has had their entire crop destroyed, resulting in ...
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Shining a new light on de-chlorination - Case Study
In collaboration with a UK Utility company, atg UV constructed an independently reviewed de-chlorination test rig and trial at its Lancashire headquarters in January of this year. Barry Hopton of atg UV Technology discusses with WWT how portable UV systems can provide a more efficient and proven alternative to de-chlorination of drinking water. The Water Industry is Changing its ...
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A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala
An estimated 1 billion persons in low-income countries do not have access to improved drinking water. Chlorine, a useful water treatment agent, is less effective in turbid water, and lacks a visible effect, limiting its acceptability. A product incorporating precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, and chlorination technology (combined product) to reduce microbial, organic and heavy metal ...
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Chlorine removal with KDF 55 - Case Study
KDF 55 Process Medium Helps with Removing Chlorine in a Municipal Water Treatment Facility A Los Angeles-based maker of fashion jeans uses KDF media instead of chemicals for removing chlorine when treating municipal water in their stone-washing process. High-purity copper-zinc redox water filter media consistently provides 99% of free chlorine removal from water by electrochemically reducing ...
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Free and residual chlorine according to DIN EN ISO 7393-1
Metrohm is pleased to present an Application Bulletin describing the determination of free and total chlorine by iodometric titration. To disinfect water for human consumption, chlorine is added to the water in some countries. Because chlorine is highly toxic, organism like bacteria are killed and the onset of waterborne diseases like cholera is prevented. But chlorine is not only toxic to ...
By Metrohm AG
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Purpose: To determine the ability of the Hanovia UVP 61 water disinfection system to
Disinfection of public swimming pools and water amenities is essential to maintain safe and attractive bathing conditions. The challenge today is to provide water conditions free of irritants and after effects and smell. Customers expect clear, odour free, high quality water. Chlorine disinfection is the most common means of providing such protection. However, chlorine chemistry is complex and ...
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Quality and disinfection trials of consumption water in storage reservoirs for rural area in the Marrakech region (Assif El Mal)
Traditional reservoirs for water storage are important systems of water supply in rural areas of Morocco. These reservoirs are fed by rainwater and/or directly from rivers through open channels; the stored water is used without any treatment as drinking water by the surrounding population. The present study aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of stored water and the ...
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Effect of advanced water treatment on behaviour of residual chlorine and development of chlorine control method in distribution systems
The behaviour of residual chlorine concentration in drinking water treated by the mid-chlorination or the advanced water treatment (AWT) was investigated. The AWT removes dissolved organic matter more than the mid-chlorination, thus the rate of residual chlorine reduction is decreased. The analysis of chlorine concentration data measured by automated continuous monitoring devices revealed that ...
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Evaluating a composite cartridge for small system drinking water treatment
A pilot-scale evaluation was conducted at the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Test & Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio, on a multi-layer, cartridge-based system that combines physical filtration with carbon adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection to serve as a home-base water treatment security device against accidental or intentional contaminant events. The ...
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Sorbents with biocidal properties for disinfection of water for various purposes
Conventional methods for water disinfection, especially chlorination, have a lot of disadvantages and should be perfected or substituted with safer and more efficient methods. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of sorbents with high disinfection efficacy. In this study, the opportunity of producing sorbents with biocidal properties based on non-oxidizing biocides ...
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Evaluation of pot-chlorination of wells during a cholera outbreak, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, 2008
We evaluated the ability of UNICEF-designed pot-chlorinators to achieve recommended free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in well water in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during a cholera outbreak. Thirty wells were randomly selected from six neighbourhoods. Pot-chlorinators – perforated plastic bottles filled with gravel, sand and calcium hypochlorite granules – were placed in each well. FRC was measured ...
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