water distribution coefficient Articles
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Mass balance analysis of triclosan, diethyltoluamide, crotamiton and carbamazepine in sewage treatment plants
The behavior of antibacterial triclosan, insect-repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET), anticonvulsant carbamazepine, and antipruritic crotamiton was investigated at two sewage treatment plants (STPs) to clarify their complete mass balance. Twenty-four-hour flow-proportional composite samples were collected from the influent and effluent of primary and final sedimentation tanks, a biofiltration tank ...
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Preparation and characterization of nickel‐spiked freshwater sediments for toxicity tests: Toward more environmentally realistic nickel partitioning
We compared two spiking methods and evaluated nickel (Ni) partitioning during a series of toxicity tests with eight different freshwater sediments having a range of physico‐chemical characteristics. A two‐step spiking approach with immediate pH adjustment by addition of NaOH at a 2:1 molar ratio to the spiked Ni was effective in producing consistent pH and other chemical characteristics across ...
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Use of acute and chronic ecotoxicity data in environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
For many older pharmaceuticals, chronic aquatic toxicity data are limited. To assess risk during development, scale‐up and manufacturing processes, acute data and physicochemical properties need to be leveraged to reduce potential long‐term impacts to the environment. Aquatic toxicity data were pooled from daphnid, fish and algae studies for 102 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to ...
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Environmental fate and behavior of acesulfame in laboratory experiments
Acesulfame is a widely used artificial sweetener. It can be discharged into surface water by domestic wastewater due to its incomplete retention during wastewater treatment. Concentrations may reach up to 10 μg/L for smaller rivers. State-of-the-art analysis allows the determination of acesulfame traces (0.01 μg/L) and thus a potential tracking of the presence of wastewater in riverbank ...
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Calculation methods to perform mass balance of endocrine disrupting compounds in a submerged membrane bioreactor: fate and distribution of estrogens during the biological treatment
The purpose of this paper is to report the study of the fate and distribution of three endocrine disrupting compounds (estrogens); Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in a laboratory scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). For this matter, both aqueous and solids phases were analyzed for the presence of E1, E2 and EE2. The outcome of this study was that three ...
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Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a large scale membrane bioreactor plant combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process for municipal wastewater reclamation
The removal of eight typical endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in a full scale membrane bioreactor combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process (A2/O-MBR) for municipal wastewater reclamation located in Beijing was investigated. These EDCs, including 4-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3) and ...
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A study on the distribution coefficient of iodide ions from aqueous solution on some strongly basic anion exchange resins
The ion exchange resins Duolite A-116, Indion 830 Type-1 and Indion N-IP Type-2 in iodide form were equilibrated separately with labelled radioactive iodide ion solutions of different concentrations varying from 0.005 M to 0.020 M in the temperature range of 25.0°C to 40.0°C. The Kd values of iodide ions for Duolite A-116 and Indion N-IP Type-2 were higher than that for Indion 830 Type-1 under ...
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Effect of advanced water treatment on behaviour of residual chlorine and development of chlorine control method in distribution systems
The behaviour of residual chlorine concentration in drinking water treated by the mid-chlorination or the advanced water treatment (AWT) was investigated. The AWT removes dissolved organic matter more than the mid-chlorination, thus the rate of residual chlorine reduction is decreased. The analysis of chlorine concentration data measured by automated continuous monitoring devices revealed that ...
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Virus removal vs. subsurface water velocity during slow sand filtration
In an attempt to obtain a conservative estimate of virus removal during slow sand and river bank filtration, a somatic phage was isolated with slow decay and poor adsorption to coarse sand. We continuously fed a phage suspension to a 7-m infiltration path and measured the phage removal. In a second set of experiments, we fed the phage suspension to 1-m long columns run at different pore water ...
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Water distribution network quality model calibration: a case study – Ahar
In water distribution network calibration of quality models, bulk and wall decay coefficients are considered to be the adjustable parameters. The bulk decay coefficient is usually gained by using a laboratory bottle test method, but the wall decay coefficient is calibrated with field data of residual chlorine at nodes. This paper aims to present a method to adjust the wall decay coefficients ...
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Recovery of phenyl acetic acid - Case Study
Customer: A leading pharmaceutical company. Location: Western India Tower Name: Extraction Column. Tower Diameter: 700 mm. 4 Packed Beds of 3m height. Mass Transfer Equipment: Medal-Pak tower packing and Liquid-Liquid Extraction internals. History: Client is engaged in pharmaceutical business for last 3 decades and has a major role in producing chemicals and drugs. Process Overview: In one ...
By Munters
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Distribution behaviour of trace and toxic metals in soil and sediments along the Thane Creek near Mumbai, India
The long biological half lives, non-bio-degradable nature and accumulative properties of trace and toxic heavy metals in aquatic environment has attracted great attention of environmental scientists and ecologist in recent years. Therefore, in the present investigation, we have selected Kalwa Bridge and Balkum sites along the Thane Creek to investigate pollution load due to trace and toxic heavy ...
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