waterborne pathogen Articles
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Development of a quaternized chitosan with enhanced antibacterial efficacy
The antibacterial activity of a water-soluble chitosan derivative prepared by chemical modification to quaternary ammonium compound N,N,N-trimethylchitosan (TC) was investigated against four selected waterborne pathogens: Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 32150. An inactivation of 4 log CFU/ml ...
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Waterborne Pathogens
Background Waterborne disease is a global burden of great magnitude. As stated by Water.org, the number of people worldwide without access to safe water is estimated to be nearly 1 billion with another 2.5 billion lacking improved sanitation (http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/billion/). Apart from causing a great number of deaths, the innumerable cases of sicknesses have a profound ...
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Virus removal efficiency of ceramic water filters: effects of bentonite turbidity
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the ...
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Application of long amplicon propidium monoazide-PCR to assess the effects of temperature and background microbiota on pathogens in river water
The decay rates of enteric waterborne pathogens were evaluated following the introduction of Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzleri into river water at different temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) for a period of 28 days. To improve the accuracy of the results a molecular viability assay, long amplicon propidium monoazide-polymerase chain ...
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Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality assessment of household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
An investigation on the bacteriological and physico-chemical properties of stored household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was carried out between April and October, 2008. The drinking water sources considered for examination were harvested rain water, tap water and well water stored in plastic water pots for 2 to 4 days. The waterborne pathogens in the samples that were isolated were ...
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USEPA Method 1623 and 1623.1
Introduction Cryptosporidium spp. and Giar-dia intestinaiis are well-known waterborne pathogens that have caused disease outbreaks around the globe. The 1993 outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee and subsequent outbreaks have stimulated research regarding the occurrence and behavior of these pathogens in natural waters. Substantial research efforts have been expended to identify factors ...
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Detection and characterization of human pathogenic viruses circulating in community wastewater using multi target microarrays and polymerase chain reaction
Sewage pollution remains the most significant source of human waterborne pathogens. This study describes the detection and characterization of human enteric viruses in community wastewaters using cell culture coupled with multiple target microarrays (with a total of 780 unique probes targeting 27 different groups of both DNA and RNA viruses) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Over a ...
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Legionellosis -- Why the Problem Continues
This year marks the 30 th anniversary of the 1976 American Legion convention of military veterans held in Philadelphia. A mysterious disease outbreak occurred that killed 34 people and debilitated nearly another 200. The media named it Legionnaires’ Disease. In early 1977, the cause of the outbreak had been proven to be a previously unknown waterborne pathogenic bacterium subsequently named ...
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Inactivation of rotavirus in water by copper pot
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of copper pots for inactivation of rotavirus present in water. Distilled water was inoculated with rotavirus (2.2 × 107 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) and stored overnight (16 hours) at room temperature in copper pots (test) and in glass bottles (controls). The viable count of infectious virus was tested using a plaque assay on MA 104 monkey ...
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Quantitative characterization of the inhibitory effects of salt, humic acid, and heavy metals on the recovery of waterborne norovirus by electropositive filters
The virus adsorption-elution technique (VIRADEL) using electropositively charged filters is used frequently for recovering enteric viruses from water. The filter-absorbed virus is typically eluted, concentrated, and subsequently detected by culture or molecular methods. Human norovirus (HuNoV), one of the most important waterborne pathogens, cannot be cultivated by conventional culture methods ...
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Assessment of
Escherichia coli reactivation after photocatalytic water disinfection using flow cytometry: comparison with a culture-based methodThe photocatalytic process generates highly reactive oxidative species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which enable mineralization of cellular compounds. Microorganisms often tend to lose their culturability after disinfection, but could remain viable to proliferate under optimum conditions. Estimation of bacterial counts using culture-based methods pose limitations in differentiating viable, ...
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Removal of model viruses, E. coli and Cryptosporidium oocysts from surface water by zirconium and chitosan coagulants
The present work evaluates the effect of contact filtration, preceded by coagulation with zirconium (Zr) and chitosan coagulants, on model microorganisms and waterborne pathogens. River water intended for potable water production was spiked with MS2 and Salmonella Typhimurium 28B bacteriophages, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts prior to coagulation. The hygienic ...
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Public Health - Preventing Legionellosis
Since it was reconginsed 30 years ago, legionellosis has affected millons of people. William F McCoy, author of a new book from IWA Publishing, looks at the steps needed to mount an effective reponse to the disease. Next year marks the 30th anniversary of the 1976 American Legion convention of military veterans held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is remembered primarily not for the ...
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Quantifying micro-organism removal for safe drinking water supplies
Over the past ten years the management of microbiological drinking water quality in The Netherlands has shifted from curative administration toward a more preventative strategy. This shift in policy came as a result of the findings of reports from other developed countries which highlighted the risk from persistent pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, some enteroviruses; and the pathogenic ...
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Electrochemical inactivation kinetics of boron-doped diamond electrode on waterborne pathogens
A boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was constructed as a water disinfector for the inactivation of water borne pathogens. The bactericidal effect of the disinfector was evaluated on artificially contaminated waters containing, respectively, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila at high density. By treating the bacterial suspensions with 4 V of constant voltage ...
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Influence of solar water disinfection on immunity against cholera – a review
Cholera remains a problem in developing countries. This is attributed to the unavailability of proper water treatment, sanitary infrastructure and poor hygiene. As a consequence, countries facing cholera outbreaks rely on interventions such as the use of oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics to save lives. In addition to vaccination, the provision of chlorine tablets and hygiene ...
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Total coliform and Escherichia coli contamination in rural well water: analysis for passive surveillance
With increasing stress on our water resources and recent waterborne disease outbreaks, understanding the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens is crucial to build surveillance systems. The purpose of this study was to explore techniques for describing microbial water quality in rural drinking water wells, based on spatiotemporal analysis, time series analysis and relative risk mapping. Tests ...
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Pilot of BACTcontrol at Aigües de Barcelona - Case Study
MicroLAN just started (Febr. 2017) to work under WP10 of Aquavalens with Aigües de Barcelona and CETaqua. This WP aims to obtain data on the occurrence of waterborne pathogens in different water types and implement and test the microbiological methods and tools for risk management in large water systems. The team consists of: Claudia Puigdomenech Serra David Baquero Gonzalez Arnau Pla ...
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5 Ways UV disinfection can benefit your aquatic facility - Case Study
Whilst an established technology in the pool industry for over twenty years, the London 2012 Games were the first to include the use of Ultraviolet disinfection as part of the aquatic events water treatment strategy. Why the London Aquatics Centre has adopted UV disinfection for major sporting events such as the London 2012 Games The London Aquatics centre saw no less than nine ...
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High performance turbidity filter
Turbidity in water is caused by suspended and colloidal matter such as clay, silt, finely divided natural organic matter (NOM), inorganic matter and plankton plus other microscopic organisms, according to Standard Methods 2130. Waterborne pathogens have caused significant disease outbreaks in the United States and continue to pose a significant risk. The most frequently reported waterborne ...
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