watershed Articles
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Development of SPAWM: selection program for available watershed models
A selection program for available watershed models (also known as SPAWM) was developed. Thirty-three commonly used watershed models were analyzed in depth and classified in accordance to their attributes. These attributes consist of: (1) land use; (2) event or continuous; (3) time steps; (4) water quality; (5) distributed or lumped; (6) subsurface; (7) overland sediment; and (8) best management ...
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Misalignment of watershed and jurisdictional boundaries: the importance of scale
The misalignment of the boundaries of watersheds and jurisdictions is cited often as a barrier to effective water governance, but the validity of the assertion depends on watershed scale and the decisions or processes involved. The paper probes these decision processes and their alignment with scales of natural watersheds and with governance processes. Two examples from the USA provide ...
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Temporal variations of streamflow in a mid-latitude Eurasian steppe watershed in the past half century
Previous studies either did not identify abrupt change or identified such change but did not exclude it from the detection of trend in streamflow. As a result, an overall downward trend might be erroneously detected as an upward trend because of abrupt increase, while an overall upward trend could be faked as a downward trend due to abrupt decrease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) ...
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Examining differences in streamflow estimation for gauged and ungauged catchments using evolutionary data assimilation
Data assimilation has allowed hydrologists to account for imperfections in observations and uncertainties in model estimates. Typically, updated members are determined as a compromised merger between observations and model predictions. The merging procedure is conducted in decision space before model parameters are updated to reflect the assimilation. However, given the dynamics between states ...
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Evaluating the success of phosphorus management from field to watershed
Received for publication January 30, 2008. Studies have demonstrated some P loss reduction following implementation of remedial strategies at field scales. However, there has been little coordinated evaluation of best management practices (BMPs) on a watershed scale to show where, when, and which work most effectively. Thus, it is still difficult to answer with a degree of certainty, critical ...
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Mercury Bioaccumulation in Northern Two-lined Salamanders from Streams in the Northeastern United States
Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in salamanders has received little attention despite widespread Hg contamination of aquatic ecosystems and worldwide amphibian declines. Here we report concentrations of methyl Hg (MeHg) and total Hg in larval northern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea bislineata bislineata) collected from streams in Acadia National Park (ANP), Maine, and Bear Brook Watershed, Maine ...
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Multi-Tiered Approach Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution to Santa Monica Bay, California
Untitled Document The ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and enterococcus make tracking sources in urban watersheds extremely challenging. In this study, a multi-tiered approach was used to assess sources of fecal pollution in Ballona Creek, an urban watershed that drains to Santa Monica Bay (SMB), CA. A mass-based design at six mainstem ...
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Estimating soil loss from two coastal watersheds in Puerto Rico with RUSLE
The loss of topsoil from the landscape increases sediment loading to adjacent aquatic systems, which may be transported further downstream. Increased sediment loading to downstream ecosystems such as estuaries can negatively impact these environments. This research compares the sediment loss from two watersheds [Jobos Bay (JB) and Rio Espiritu Santo (RES) watersheds] on the island of Puerto Rico. ...
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A generalized concentration curve (GCC) method for storm flow hydrograph prediction in a conceptual linear reservoir-channel cascade
The unit hydrograph (UH) is a hydrological tool that represents the unit response of a watershed to a unit input of rainfall. UH models based on lumped reservoir and channel conceptual cascade assume that rainfall is evenly distributed, thus limiting the use of UHs to relatively small watersheds of less than around 500 km2 in area. In this paper, a new hydrograph prediction method, named the ...
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Comparison of different targeting methods for watershed management practices implementation in Taleghan dam watershed, Iran
Soil erosion and sediment control is important in watersheds with planned dam construction. For an efficient implementation of watershed management practices, identification of critical areas is vital. Many studies have made an effort to identify and prioritize critical sub-watersheds. But very limited studies have been conducted to rank sub-watersheds in terms of their sediment yield ...
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Recent multi-year streamflow regimes and water budgets of hillslope catchments in the Canadian High Arctic: evaluation and comparison to other small Arctic watershed studies
This study evaluates whether a recent decline in snowcover extent for circumpolar regions is matched by changes in the seasonal streamflow regime of several small hillslope catchments on Bathurst and Melville Islands. This includes shifts in the timing of initiation, peak discharge and impacts on the spring–summer water budgets. Paired catchments (West and East) at the Cape Bounty Arctic ...
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Relationship between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index and variability of mean annual flows for catchments in the St. Lawrence watershed (Quebec, Canada) during the past century
This paper, based on an analysis of the mean annual flow (MAF) of 16 natural rivers over the period 1934–2000, has the following goals: (1) to determine the different temporal variability modes of the MAF in the St. Lawrence watershed, (2) to describe the temporal variability of the streamflow in each mode and (3) to analyze the influence of the AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) on the ...
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Sharing Water: Engaging Buisiness
Business has a critical role to play in applying its expertise and experience in developing, implementing and scaling-up, through partnerships, watershed focused solutions. Over the next 20 years, a broader focus on water management beyond the “fence-line” – outside the company – is needed by businesses to ensure the sustainable use of one of the world’s finite ...
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Increasing chloride concentrations in Lake Simcoe and its tributaries
Chloride concentrations in Lake Simcoe have increased significantly (P P P P = 0.005, r = 0.80). Although Lake Simcoe is a large lake and only 12% of its watershed drains urban land and roads, evidence of road salt application can already be seen. This indicates that inputs must be reduced to preclude future ecological impacts on the lake.Keywords: chloride, Lake Simcoe, road ...
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Assessment of the effect of slope on runoff potential of a watershed using NRCS–CN method
The rainfall–runoff is a very complex hydrological phenomenon, as this process is highly non–linear, time–varying and spatially distributed. The average slope within the watershed together with the overall length and retardance of overland flow are considered to be the main factors which govern the runoff process. The Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number (NRCS–CN), formerly known ...
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Regional risk assessment of the Puyallup River Watershed and the evaluation of low impact development in meeting management goals
The Relative Risk Model (RRM) is a tool used to calculate and assess the likelihood of effects to endpoints when multiple stressors occur in complex ecological systems. In this study, a Bayesian network was used to calculate relative risk and estimate uncertainty (BN‐RRM) in the Puyallup River Watershed. First, we calculated the risk of prespawn mortality of coho salmon. Second, we evaluated ...
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Effects of sea level rise on hydrology: case study in a typical mid-Atlantic coastal watershed
Sea level rise (SLR) can negatively affect the hydrology of coastal watersheds. However, the relevant information is incomplete and insufficient in existing literature. The objective of this study is to present a modeling approach to predict long-term effects of SLR on changes of flood peak, flood stage, and groundwater table with an assumption that the historical climate would reoccur in the ...
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The Economic Value of Moving Toward a More Water Secure World
Business has a critical role to play in applying its expertise and experience in developing, implementing and scaling-up, through partnerships, watershed focused solutions. Over the next 20 years, a broader focus on water management beyond the “fence-line” – outside the company – is needed by businesses to ensure the sustainable use of one of the world’s finite ...
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A new hybrid algorithm for rainfall–runoff process modeling based on the wavelet transform and genetic fuzzy system
In this paper, two hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) based models were introduced for rainfall–runoff modeling. In the first model, a genetic fuzzy system (GFS) was developed and evolved for the prediction of watersheds' runoff one time step ahead. In the second model, the wavelet-GFS (WGFS) model, wavelet transform was also used as a data pre-processing method prior to GFS ...
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Dry-Weather Metals and Bacteria Loading in an Arid, Urban Watershed: Ballona Creek, California
Dry-season urban runoff from watersheds in arid regions can contribute substantial concentrations and loads of bacteria and metals to downstream receiving waters. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the relative contributions of different sources of these constituents along a specific creek or channel. This study involved analysis of the relative contribution of various storm drain ...
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