Watershed Runoff Articles | Environmental XPRT

Surface Runoff

Surface runoff is the water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, snowmelt, or other sources flows over the land. This is a major component of the hydrologic ...

Dec. 15, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Assessing potential climate change impacts on the seasonality of runoff in an Alpine watershed

The aim of this study is to investigate potential impacts of climate change on the seasonality of runoff in a mountainous watershed, located in the Austrian Alps. In order to consider the full range of possible climate variation, hypothetical climate change scenarios were used to force a hydrological model to simulate runoff time series for potential future climate conditions. The variation of ...

Jun. 1, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Effects of rainfall data resolution on watershed-scale model performance in predicting runoff

The hydrologic simulation program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model is widely used to develop management strategies for water resources, but its effectiveness is limited by predictive uncertainties associated with model input data. This study evaluated the effect of rainfall data resolution on the model performance when predicting runoff. We examined hourly, 3-hourly, 12-hourly, and 24-hourly temporal ...

Jun. 1, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Temporal variations of runoff in a rapidly urbanizing semi-arid Chinese watershed

Rapid urbanization on streamflows may directly affect or be restricted by the sustainability of local water resources. This is particularly true for arid/semiarid areas such as the Wulanmulun River watershed in the rapidly-developing Ordos region of north central China. From 1997 to 2012, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the region increased fifty-fold, while the urban area grew by a factor ...

Feb. 9, 2016

By IWA Publishing

A tiered watershed PCB runoff loading approach for unmonitored tributaries in a TMDL process

Runoff volume from unmonitored tributaries is estimated using three methods for the initial stage of the Delaware Estuary TMDL for Polychlorinated Biphenyls. The first is a simplified rainfall-runoff depth estimate determined from a modified rational formula approach. The second method uses runoff volumes from USGS streamflow gages in watersheds characteristic of the physiographic provinces and ...

Oct. 13, 2007

By Water Environment Federation (WEF)

Assessment of the effect of slope on runoff potential of a watershed using NRCS–CN method

The rainfall–runoff is a very complex hydrological phenomenon, as this process is highly non–linear, time–varying and spatially distributed. The average slope within the watershed together with the overall length and retardance of overland flow are considered to be the main factors which govern the runoff process. The Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number (NRCS–CN), formerly known ...

Nov. 18, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers

THE SPRING RUNOFF IN NEBRASKA'S ELKHORN RIVER WATERSHED AND ITS IMPACT ON TWO SENTINEL ORGANISMS

The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) if temporal variability influenced the toxicity of Elkhorn River water and 2) if the toxic effect was consistent between two sentinel organisms, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). During spring 2012, atrazine indicator strips were used to document the occurrence of agrichemical pulses ...

Mar. 15, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The combined use of MODFLOW and precipitation-runoff modeling to simulate groundwater flow in a diffuse-pollution prone watershed

A numerical modeling case study of groundwater flow in a diffuse pollution prone area is presented. The study area is located within the metropolitan borders of the city of Izmir, Turkey. This groundwater flow model was unconventional in the application since the groundwater recharge parameter in the model was estimated using a lumped, transient water-budget based precipitation-runoff model that ...

Jul. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Modeling of daily runoff from a small agricultural watershed using artificial neural network with resampling techniques

The reported study was undertaken in a small agricultural watershed, namely, Kapgari in Eastern India having a drainage area of 973 ha. The watershed was subdivided into three sub-watersheds on the basis of drainage network and land topography. An attempt was made to relate the continuously monitored runoff data from the sub-watersheds and the whole-watershed with the rainfall and temperature ...

Jan. 16, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Improving capability of conceptual modeling of watershed rainfall–runoff using hybrid wavelet-extreme learning machine approach

Rainfall–runoff process identification, due to uncertainties and complexities, requires advanced modeling strategies. For this end, this study presented different strategies to explore spatio-temporal variation of rainfall–runoff process for the Ajichay watershed located in northwest Iran. Extreme learning machine (ELM) was used to predict the runoff in conceptual models. First, a ...

Nov. 2, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Levels and patterns of fecal indicator bacteria in stormwater runoff from homogenous land use sites and urban watersheds

Routine stormwater monitoring programs focus on quantification of average fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentration at the terminal watershed discharge point. While important for permit compliance, such monitoring provides little insight into relative bacteria levels from different land use types or the mechanisms that influence FIB concentrations. The goal of this study was to quantify the ...

Jun. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Impact of land use/land cover changes on surface runoff from a rural watershed, Tamilnadu, India

Watershed is a geographically dynamic unit area that contributes runoff to a common point. The effect of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes on runoff from watersheds has long been recognised. Remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques can be used effectively in watershed runoff models. Manimuktha sub–watershed, the study area, for which base map, soil map and LU/LC map were prepared by using ...

Feb. 11, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers

Simulated impact of climate change on hydrology of multiple watersheds using traditional and recommended snowmelt runoff model methodology

For more than two decades researchers have utilized the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) to test the impacts of climate change on streamflow of snow-fed systems. SRM developers recommend a parameter shift during simulations of future climate, but this is often omitted. Here we show the impact of this omission on model results. In this study, the hydrological effects of climate change are modeled ...

Mar. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Projection of runoff and sediment yield under coordinated climate change and urbanization scenarios in Doam dam watershed, Korea

A hydro-environmental model chain in the Doam dam basin, Korea, was developed for an impact assessment under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's A1B scenario. The feasible downscaling scheme composed of an artificial neural network (ANN) and non-stationary quantile mapping was applied to the GCM (Global Climate Model) output. The impacts under climate and land use change scenarios ...

Oct. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Impacts of land use and land cover changes on evapotranspiration and runoff at Shalamulun River watershed, China

The study assesses the effect of land use and land cover changes (LUCC) on evapotranspiration and runoff in the Shalamulun River watershed of 2,453 km2 located in Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region of China. First, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images from 1987, 2001 and 2007 are used to quantify LUCC in the watershed. A knowledge-based decision tree (K-DT) ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Comparing influence of combinations of precipitation loss and rainfall excess-runoff transform models to flood flow rate in a flatland watershed

Hydrologists can use many different precipitation loss rate functions and rainfall-excess transform techniques to develop watershed runoff hydrographs. For the most part, they can apply the loss and transform approaches in nearly any combination. To evaluate some of the many possible groupings, we formed a matrix of three commonly used precipitation loss rate models and three rainfall-excess ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Coastal Water Quality Impact of Stormwater Runoff from an Urban Watershed in Southern California

Field studies were conducted to assess the coastal water quality impact of stormwater runoff from the Santa Ana River, which drains a large urban watershed located in southern California. Stormwater runoff from the river leads to very poor surf zone water quality, with fecal indicator bacteria concentrations exceeding California ocean bathing water standards by up to 500%. However, cross-shore ...

Jul. 15, 2005

By Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority (SCCWRP)

A reliable rainfall–runoff model for flood forecasting: review and application to a semi-urbanized watershed at high flood risk in Italy

Many rainfall–runoff (RR) models are available in the scientific literature. Selecting the best structure and parameterization for a model is not straightforward and depends on a broad number of factors, including climatic conditions, catchment characteristics, temporal/spatial resolution and model objectives. In this study, the RR model ‘Modello Idrologico Semi-Distribuito in continuo’ ...

Aug. 4, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Evaluation of Changes in Water Quality and Urban Runoff in the Buck Gully Watershed, California, through the use of Weatherbased Irrigation Control

ABSTRACT The Buck Gully watershed is located in the Newport Coast area of California. Buck Gully is located in a coastal canyon which drains into an area designated as a State Water Quality Protection Area (formerly Area of Special Biological Significance). The adjacent coastal land is designated as a Critical Coastal Area. The upper portion of the watershed is in the Newport Coast area, and ...

Oct. 13, 2007

By Water Environment Federation (WEF)

The effects of land use change and precipitation change on direct runoff in Wei River watershed, China

The principles and degrees to which land use change and climate change affect direct runoff generation are distinctive. In this paper, based on the MODIS data of land use in 1992 and 2003, the impacts of land use and climate change are explored using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method under two defined scenarios. In the first scenario, the precipitation is assumed to be ...

Jan. 30, 2015

By IWA Publishing

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