The filtration and separation of biological particles has been estimated as 40% of the cost in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Liquid chromatography that is the principal method for separating biological particles uses a permanent phase of ultrafine adsorbent particles such as porous silica or resin spheres with particle sizes down to about 1 micron. Speed and resolution are two competing performance factors in conventional chromatography using porous media. One feature is often achieved by sacrificing the other. Conventional wisdom focuses on surface area as the defining element for “dynamic capacity” when determining product throughput employing conventional chromatographic media.
Nano alumina media – An electropositive fibrous media has been developed for water filtration that is capable of retaining sub-micron particles at high flow rates. The active component in the filter media is a nano alumina fiber, only 2 nm in diameter and about 250-300 nm long that are attached to a microglass fiber. Figure 1 shows the nanofibers that appear as fuzz on the microglass. The nanoalumina is aluminum oxide monohydrate (AlOOH), also known as the pseudoboehmite.
Article by: Brentwood, 01-04-2018 | Category: Water & Wastewater
As winter approaches and cold weather sets in, both the air and wastewater temperatures of your trickling filter can drop to the single digit area, so we want to bundle it up to prevent it from catching a “cold.” It is critical to preserve heat within the filter so the bugs are happy, healthy, and keep working hard to clean up the wastewater that humans produce. Here are a few measures you can take to keep the bugs happy and your...
Organic removal contaminants reclamation has increased over the past years as it has many advantages over other treatments. Product water from water treatment plants can be chemically complex resulting in physical and biological changes during transportation in the distribution systems. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofilters for reducing the concentration of organic matter in order to produce biologically stable water, avoiding biofouling formation downstream of the process...
The groundwater used as drinking water often contains unacceptable amounts of iron and manganese compounds and ammonium ions. These substances are efficiently removed using conventional technologies (aeration and filtration through granular media filters). However, the efficiency is drastically reduced for water containing considerable amounts of organic matter, which usually enters the water in wellfields linked with surface water. This paper presents a technology development for treating groundwater with such...
Manganese removal is a typical concern in drinking water production. Biofiltration may be used when treating groundwater sources but the onset of manganese removal in virgin biofilters can vary considerably. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different filter media on manganese oxidation and bacterial diversity in biofilters during the start-up. The onset of manganese oxidation in four virgin granular filter media (quartz, calcium carbonate, polystyrene, and manganese oxide) and one matured...
Biological filter beds usually consist of a mineral media over which effluent to be treated percolates. The media becomes host to a biomass which is grazed by a series of more complex organisms. If the growth of the biomass is greater than the rate at which the grazing occurs then the biomass film will accumulate in the bed. This will block the interstices of the media and restrict effluent drainage and ventilation of the bed. Under these conditions nitrification is usually the first thing to suffer, however...
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