The filtration and separation of biological particles has been estimated as 40% of the cost in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Liquid chromatography that is the principal method for separating biological particles uses a permanent phase of ultrafine adsorbent particles such as porous silica or resin spheres with particle sizes down to about 1 micron. Speed and resolution are two competing performance factors in conventional chromatography using porous media. One feature is often achieved by sacrificing the other. Conventional wisdom focuses on surface area as the defining element for “dynamic capacity” when determining product throughput employing conventional chromatographic media.
Nano alumina media – An electropositive fibrous media has been developed for water filtration that is capable of retaining sub-micron particles at high flow rates. The active component in the filter media is a nano alumina fiber, only 2 nm in diameter and about 250-300 nm long that are attached to a microglass fiber. Figure 1 shows the nanofibers that appear as fuzz on the microglass. The nanoalumina is aluminum oxide monohydrate (AlOOH), also known as the pseudoboehmite.
Biological filter beds usually consist of a mineral media over which effluent to be treated percolates. The media becomes host to a biomass which is grazed by a series of more complex organisms. If the growth of the biomass is greater than the rate at which the grazing occurs then the biomass film will accumulate in the bed. This will block the interstices of the media and restrict effluent drainage and ventilation of the bed. Under these conditions nitrification is usually the first thing to suffer, however...
Last month we examined filter selection strategies for maximizing service life in continuous use applications. In this 3rd installment, we will examine the use of prefilters to extend service life.
Clarifying liquids with high levels of suspended solids is challenging, especially for applications requiring submicron filtration. In these applications, filter users who experience frustratingly short service life should consider using prefilters. A suitable prefilter will reduce the particle fouling of the final...
Last month, we described the considerations associated with predicting filter service life and how total throughput can be estimated through experimentation. In this second installment, we will examine four filter selection strategies for maximizing service life in continuous-use applications. These aspects consider chemical compatibility, temperature, binding characteristics, and pore size.
At the most basic level, selecting filters that are compatible with the application’s chemistry is the key to...
The purity of boiler feed water can be a critical part of the manufacturing process. This water needs to be free from contaminants in order for the boiler to operate correctly, without frequent shutdown for maintenance. For this reason, a membrane filtration train is frequently used. Unfortunately, the exposure of plant water to the manufacturing process means that the feed water can be contaminated with both high levels of oils and solid material. Frequently, the membrane filtration will need an upstream filter,...
When it comes to industrial filtration, there are several different filter types to choose from when working with industrial grade liquids, including bothbag filtersandcartridge filters. Ultimately, however, the final choice comes down to choosing the right filtration technology to meet the performance demands of your facility, while remaining within your projected operating costs. Both bag and cartridge style filters offer removable media, but the final decision should be based on the application, as each type...
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