This study converted sewage sludge into a carbonaceous catalyst via pyrolysis and employed it in the ozonation of hydroquinone. The catalyst was characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Intermediate products were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and a pathway for hydroquinone degradation was proposed....
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy or LIBS is an analytical technique that`s been used in laboratories for many years. Most handheld LIBS analysers are used for fast sorting of alloys in scrap yards, and alloy identification and analysis in various applications within the metals industry.
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How does LIBS work?
During LIBS analysis, a focused pulsed laser hits the sample removing a very small amount of material from the surface. The sample is hit by thousands of pulses during a typical...
Oxford Instruments and das-nano demonstrate non-destructive wafer based thickness and resistivity metrology for PEALD TiN.
Commonly titanium nitride (TiN) thickness and resistivity wafer fab in-line metrology is based on ellipsometry and 4-point probe resistivity mapping. Alternative and relatively slower or more complex methods are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRFS). TiN thin films are highly conductive and lose transparency for thicker layers which...
Polydopamine-modified granule organo-attapulgite adsorbent (PDA-GOAT) was facilely prepared via a dip-coating approach. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface area and pore size were calculated from the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm. The adsorption behaviour of methylene blue (MB) onto PDA-GOAT was systematically investigated. The experimental data revealed that the...
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was first assembled on magnetic carbon/Fe3O4 (CM) with a combination of hydrothermal and liquid phase reduction methods. The novel NZVI@CM magnetic nanocomposites have the merits of large surface area, unique magnetic property, low cost and environmental friendliness. They can be used for Pb(II) removal in aqueous solution. The materials were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),...
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