Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of well-know roxic and carcinogenic compounds that are widely present in industrial waste, gas, automobile exhaust, coal tars, cigarette smoke and meat products, which constitute the most common ways of exposure of humans to the PAHs (Castillo et al. 2004). PAHs are listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as priority pollutants.
Sweeper engines have gone through some big changes in the last ten years. And each change has brought additional costs, unfamiliar technology, and new maintenance requirements. One of those changes is the development of Tier 4 Final engines that require diesel exhaust fluid (DEF).
What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)?
Diesel Exhaust Fluid is injected into the exhaust stream of the Tier 4 Final engine and this clear, colorless liquid in the presence of catalysts, turns smog-inducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) into...
Project BackgroundHigh radiant heat emitted from the muffler shell can cause grass browning*, engine vapor lock**, fires and excessive bumper and shroud temperatures. Muffler temperatures started increasing an engine OEM`s created leaner burning engines to meet the EPA Tier 1 Regs issued back in 2001. The engines continue to become increasingly leaner burning to meet Tier 2, Tier 3 and now Tier 4 Regs.To date, Lawn Mower OEM`s have added heat shields above and below the muffler to reduce grass browning and...
For over 10 years, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer has saved over $500,000 annually in fuel and electricity consumption by using Munters rotor concentrators to control solvent emissions from its facility’s paint booths. Before purchasing Munters equipment in 2002, the manufacturer struggled with the inconvenience of having their aircraft systems flown to be painted in subcontracted paint hangers. This affected production and lead times so the company decided to build new paint hangers adjacent to their...
An LDS 6 analyzer monitors HF emissions during the production of hydrofluoric acid in accordance with the German Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft)The customerFine chemicals and inorganic basic chemicals have been developed and produced at the Seelze chemical site in northern Germany for more than 100 years.Such a basic chemical is hydrofluoric acid (HF), an extremely corrosive, colorless, and pungent smelling liquid. It even attacks glass and has a strong caustic effect on skin, mucous...
Abstract
We conducted a 60-day roadside measurement campaign on a busy street in Münster, Germany, during summer 2016. We used gas and particle concentration measurements with high temporal resolution (10 Hz) to quantify both the emission ratios of nitrogen oxides per carbon dioxide (NOx/CO2) for over 70,000 individual exhaust plumes as well as the emission ratios for size-resolved particle numbers per carbon dioxide (d(PN CO2−1)/dlogD) for about 10,000 plumes. The real-world fleet passing by the...
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