The Septage Management System of the city of Dumaguete consists of the first city-wide septic tank maintenance program in the Republic of the Philippines to be financed by the local government coupled with a low-cost, low-maintenance decentralized wastewater treatment facility. The project was motivated by an assessment of the city which found there to be 20,000 poorly designed and improperly maintained septic tanks that functioned largely without government regulation and without a city-wide sanitary sewer system. The Septage Management System is based on an equal partnership between the water utility company and the local government of Dumaguete in which revenue is evenly split. It is estimated the project will achieve full cost recovery through user fees after five years.
A combined reed bed-freezing bed (RB-FB) technology was effective at treating septage under Canadian climatic conditions over a 5-year period with average loading rates of 82–104 kg TS/m2/y. Varying hydraulic and solid loading rates as well as the increasing sludge cake with time had little to no effect on treatment efficiency, with almost complete removal of organic matter, solids, heavy metals and nutrients. Filtrate concentrations varied significantly between the freeze-thaw and growing seasons for many...
The alteration of wastewater from an individual home under anaerobic conditions in a partially sealed cesspit over the filling period of four months, and the pollution fluxes were assessed. The septage was much more concentrated than raw wastewater. A mass balance found percentage (%) removal rates for biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 78%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 62%), total nitrogen (TN, 52%), PO43−-P (67%) and total suspended solids (TSS, 69%). The percentage (%) pollution loads of emptied septage were...
Individual septic tanks are the most common means of on-site sanitation in Malaysia, but they result in a significant volume of septage. A two-staged vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) system for the treatment of septage was constructed and studied in Sarawak, Malaysia. Raw septage was treated in the first stage wetlands, and the resulting percolate was fed onto the second stage wetlands for further treatment. Here, the effects of a batch loading regime on the contaminant removal efficiency at the second...
In this study, the treatment of septage (originating from septic tanks) was carried out in a pilot-scale, two-staged, vertical-flow engineered wetland (VFEW). Palm kernel shells (PKS) were incorporated as part of the VFEW's substrate (B-PKS), to compare its organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) removal efficiency against wetlands with only sand substrates (B-SD). The results revealed satisfactory OM removal with >90% reduction efficiencies at both wetlands B-PKS and B-SD. No increment of...
Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with...
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