Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a ...
Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a Benchmark Dose Low, Based on Excretion of ;2-Microglobulin in the Cadmium-Polluted Regions of the Kakehashi River Basin, Japan
Recently, a benchmark dose (BMD) approach defined by Crump was used to estimate the threshold levels of toxic substances (GAylor et al, 1998). BMD is a statistical lower confidence limit to a dose producing some predetermined increase in response rate, such as 0.01-0.1 in the abnormal rates of substances. The benchmark dose low (BMDL) is defined as the value corresponding to the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD and can be used instead of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) (Gaylor et. al, 1998) in the evaluation of a dose-response relationship.
The Himalayan rivers are recognized as a reliable source of water supply in the countries of the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. Increasing need for food and energy for the growing population of the HKH region has stimulated water harvesting from the transboundary rivers and triggered water conflict, environmental degradation and socio-economic turmoil among the riparian nations. Teesta is one such mighty trans-Himalayan river flowing through India and Bangladesh and is recognized as a basin where there is...
The historical trajectory of the Maipo River basin offers critical insights into current and future challenges in Chile's internationally famous model of water management. We highlight the legal dimensions of the trajectory, looking beyond the 1981 Water Code and water market debates to some of the underlying principles of Chilean water law that shape river management. In particular, we focus on a legal-administrative rule that splits rivers into multiple, independently managed ‘sections’ – a policy that has...
The hydrographic network in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) (south-west Europe) is intensively affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) processes. This represents a unique worldwide scenario of extractive mining activity for more than 4,000 years. In order to be able to achieve possible restorations, it is necessary to reduce the scale of possible actions for future environmental improvements, at the river basin level. Therefore, the delineation of watersheds and subwatersheds in the IPB has been carried out, as well...
Research on the summertime runoff variations and their connections with Asian summer monsoons can give insights for explanation of the hydrological processes and climate change in the Yangtze River basin. Currently, regional studies are focused on the relationships between Asian summer monsoons and meteorological elements. However, research on the runoff variations and their connections to Asian summer monsoons is still scarce. With the help of continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet, and wavelet coherence...
The lower Neretva river basin includes a fertile valley at the estuary into the Adriatic Sea, where intense agricultural production occurs, and the higher terrain where drinking water resources exist. To provide input for the further assessment of crop-yield production and hydrological risks, climate and climate change were analysed using the Opuzen station air temperature and total precipitation data for the 1961–2015 period. Both historical and future climates (2021–2050) were assessed based on simulations of...
Customer comments
No comments were found for Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a Benchmark Dose Low, Based on Excretion of ;2-Microglobulin in the Cadmium-Polluted Regions of the Kakehashi River Basin, Japan. Be the first to comment!
