Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a ...
Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a Benchmark Dose Low, Based on Excretion of ;2-Microglobulin in the Cadmium-Polluted Regions of the Kakehashi River Basin, Japan
Recently, a benchmark dose (BMD) approach defined by Crump was used to estimate the threshold levels of toxic substances (GAylor et al, 1998). BMD is a statistical lower confidence limit to a dose producing some predetermined increase in response rate, such as 0.01-0.1 in the abnormal rates of substances. The benchmark dose low (BMDL) is defined as the value corresponding to the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD and can be used instead of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) (Gaylor et. al, 1998) in the evaluation of a dose-response relationship.
This paper seeks to complement ongoing discussions around water allocation by offering an analytic framework for examining the evolution of paradigms for water allocation in river basins. It traces this evolution from the hydraulic paradigm through to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the current water security paradigm. Using a society-science-practice interaction perspective, the paper draws attention to the governance processes of water allocation that underlie these paradigms using examples...
The present study examined the hydro-meteorological trends and their magnitudes using the Mann–Kendall, Sen's slope, and linear regression methods in the Jhelum River basin. Maximum and minimum temperatures showed increasing trends in the basin. However, the increasing trends of maximum temperature in all seasons as well as in annual datasets were stronger and statistically more significant than minimum temperature. Precipitation showed non-significant increasing and decreasing trends spread evenly throughout the...
This paper addresses the modelling of the processes associated with acid mine drainage affecting the Trimpancho River basin, chosen for this purpose because of its location and paradigmatic hydrological, geological, mining and environmental contexts. By using physical-chemical indicators it is possible to define the contamination degree of the system from the perspective of an entire river basin, due to its reduced dimension. This allows an exhaustive monitoring of the study area, considering the particularity...
The urban agglomeration polders type of flood control pattern is a general flood control pattern in the eastern plain area and some of the secondary river basins in China. A HEC-HMS model of Qinhuai River basin based on the flood control pattern was established for simulating basin runoff, examining the impact of urban agglomeration polders on flood events, and estimating the effects of urbanization on hydrological processes of the urban agglomeration polders in Qinhuai River basin. The results indicate that the...
Nairobi River Basin (NRB) remains an important ecosystem owing to its endowment with natural resources and its socio-economic value to Kenyans. However, it is vulnerable due to poor resource management, pollution and an increase in the rising population. Environmental flow is thus necessary to assess and plan on how best to maintain adequate quality and quantity of water resources that people in the area depend on. The study used the Tennant and Tessman methods in EF assessment and recommended an annual environment...
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