exhauster Articles
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Roadside Pollution Monitoring: An Essential for Smart Roadways & Highways
Roads are the backbone to economic activities. They occupy a considerable area of our urban spaces and are primarily designed for vehicular traffic making them significant contributors to air pollution. The major air pollutants contributing to roadside air pollution are particulate matter (PM), NOx, CO and SOx. Major sources of these pollutants are from exhaust pipes of vehicles, wear & tear ...
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Blasting planning tools
Controlled detonations or “blasts” represent a key and recurrent activity during the performance of certain relevant economic activities, mainly in the mining, mining, construction and building demolition industries. However, the intrinsic need to frequently implement this activity to meet production objectives involves a set of important environmental constraints for an ...
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Typical Sensor Location Considerations
The sensor mounting location within a space may be dependent on many variables. There are no specific formulas since each application will have it’s own determining factors and priorities. These include, but are not limited to: source of gas: Is the source a combustion exhaust from a vehicle or furnace or a vapour from a tank spill, pipe leak, or faulty valve? density of gas: some ...
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World’s Carbon Budget to Be Spent in Three Decades
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) has delivered an overwhelming consensus that climate change impacts are accelerating, fueled by human-caused emissions. We may have just about 30 years left until the world’s carbon budget is spent if we want a likely chance of limiting warming to 2 degrees C. Breaching this limit would put the world ...
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Screening technique to estimate high benzo[a]pyrene concentrations near roads
The emission factors of benzo[a]pyrene for gasoline cars and for diesel cars were measured by directly collecting the exhaust gas using a portable sampling equipment and became 660 ng km–1 and 1700 ng km–1, respectively. The regression equations to easily evaluate the concentrations at the roadsides and at the crossroads were introduced as the functions of building height, road width, ...
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Evaluation of new model tools for meeting the targets of the EU Air Quality Directive: a case study on the studded tyre use in Sweden
Two new model tools have been developed for meeting the EU Air Quality Directive targets: SIMAIRroad (related to traffic emissions) and SIMAIRrwc (rwc standing for residential wood combustion). The models have been evaluated for different traffic situations and for residential areas with wood combustion, with promising results. The models can calculate PM10 statistics, such as mean values and 90 ...
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Air–quality impact of PM10 emission in urban centres
This paper calculates a detailed inventory of PM10 emissions in the urban area of Mendoza, Argentina, and evaluates the impact of such emissions by using the CALPUFF dispersion program. It includes direct and indirect emissions from mobile sources; emissions from industrial sources and fugitive emissions from unpaved road and dust production from bare land. The main results show the relevance of ...
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COPERT 4 — Estimating emissions from road transport
COPERT for European policy COPERT is closely linked to a number of modelling tools used to inform policymaking. GAINS Data from COPERT are included in the GAINS integrated assessment model used by the UNECE LRTAP Convention and the European Commission to identify cost effective pollutant mitigation strategies that take into account synergies and trade-offs between the control of local and ...
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Developments in ADMS-Airport to take account of near field dispersion and applications to Heathrow Airport
ADMS-Airport is based on the ADMS-Urban system for modelling urban air quality. In the near field it employs a quasi-Gaussian dispersion model and this is nested within a trajectory model. Aircraft sources are treated explicitly as accelerating jets. Application of the model to air quality calculations was conducted for the Model Inter-Comparison (MIC) Study of Project for the Sustainable ...
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Comparing the impact of a road tunnel vs. a road viaduct by means of an integrated exposure assessment
Using the MOBILEE methodology, we performed a detailed air quality assessment for three scenarios for the ring road around Antwerp, a major city in Belgium, using PM10 and NOx emission inventories for 2003 (reference) and 2015 (projected future situation), followed by an assessment of the exposure of the population living in the vicinity of the planned constructions. PM10 turned out to be the ...
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An application of backscatter Lidar to model the odour nuisance arising from aircraft tyre smoke
A Rapid-Scanning Backscatter Lidar (RASCAL) has been deployed at Heathrow and Manchester Airports to collect backscatter data from particulate emissions in the wakes of several hundred flights. The principal aim of these measurements was to characterise the dispersion of the engine exhausts, but it was found that tyre smoke was also visible, giving a signal substantially greater than that from ...
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New NO2 air standards prove technically challenging
On February 9, 2010, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The new NO2 NAAQS is a one-hour standard set at 100 parts per billion (ppb), which is approximately 188 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). Effective on April 12, 2010, the new one-hour standard is intended to protect against peak ...
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Artificial neural network based vehicular pollution prediction model: a practical approach for urban air quality prediction
The achievement of local air quality management goals in densely populated built-up urban areas often requires short-term air quality plans or emission management policies. Vehicular pollution modelling is an effective tool in managing the vehicular exhaust emissions in urban environments. In the recent past, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based vehicular pollution models are found to be useful ...
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Dispersion modelling near tunnel exits: simulation and measurements
Measurements of car exhaust gases were made in May/June 1995 in the vicinity of the Bielefeld tunnel. CO and NOx from car exhausts were measured to allow comparison with a model simulation. Ozone was also measured. These measurements were made using commercial continuous analysers. A valve control system was used to investigate the dispersion of the trace gases. This allowed measurements at ...
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Modelling the dispersion of motor vehicle exhaust gases, including building effects, and its application to the calculation of NOx concentration in Osaka City
This paper presents a model for dispersion of NOx from motor vehicles and stationary sources in urban areas. Annual average NOx concentrations from these sources were calculated using the Gaussian plume model. The calculated concentrations were compared with the observed concentrations at 67 air monitoring stations located in Osaka Plain. The effect of mechanical turbulence resulting from ...
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A comprehensive experimental databank for the verification of urban car emission dispersion models
A summary presentation is made of representative samples from a comprehensive experimental databank on car exhaust dispersion in urban street canyons. Physical modelling, under neutral stratification conditions, was used to provide visualisation, pollutant concentration and velocimetry measurements above and inside test canyons amidst surrounding urban roughness. The study extended to two ...
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Effects of trees on the dilution of vehicle exhaust emissions in urban street canyons
In order to investigate the natural ventilation and air quality of urban street canyons with trees, boundary layer wind tunnel studies at a small-scale model have been performed. Concentrations in street canyons with a tracer gas emitting line source at the ground level and one row of trees arranged along the canyon centre have been measured for several equidistant tree spacings. In the case of ...
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The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project
The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the COPERT methodology. The comparison also reveals the ...
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Assessing the impact of particulate matter sources in the Milan urban area
The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model of the US-EPA was applied to PM10 data obtained during a field study performed in the Milan urban area, including daily average concentrations, element and ion concentrations. Two chemical fingerprints were estimated to characterise total traffic emissions and diesel engine exhaust emissions. Four main source groups were identified: road traffic, ...
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Modelling urban air quality using artificial neural network
This paper describes the development of artificial neural network-based vehicular exhaust emission models for predicting 8-h average carbon monoxide concentrations at two air quality control regions (AQCRs) in the city of Delhi, India, viz. a typical traffic intersection (AQCR1) and a typical arterial road (AQCR2). Maximum of ten meteorological and six traffic characteristic variables have been ...
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