chemical risk assessment Articles
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U.S. EPA Releases Draft TSCA Chemical Risk Assessment
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) released its first draft risk assessments developed under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) “Work Plan Program” on January 4, 2013. The draft risk assessments cover particular uses of five chemicals found in household products. While the chemicals covered in these first draft assessments may or may not be of interest to ...
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Case study - Chemical risk assessments for a large client
Challenge: The client had tried unsuccessfully to train risk assessors how to do chemical assessments. The main issue was the fact the each assessment was taking a long time to complete on paper and tracking of actions was proving impossible. The results from the risk assessment were not in a form that allowed easy interpretation of the level of risk present. Another more fundamental problem ...
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Assessing and managing fluorosis risk in children and adults in rural Madhya Pradesh, India
This paper presents the application of quantitative chemical risk assessment for assessing and managing fluorosis in 19 schools and 6 villages in Madhya Pradesh, India. A longitudinal study was undertaken with a baseline survey in 2005 and an endline in 2007. Household surveys, water quality and food analysis were undertaken to measure the impact of an Integrated Fluorosis Mitigation programme ...
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Cumulative risk assessment: A European perspective on the state of the art and the necessary next steps forward
The first Europe‐wide system for chemical assessment and management was introduced in 1967 with the Dangerous Substance Directive 67/548/EEC, which established a hazard‐based classification and labeling system for chemicals on the European market. Subsequent risk‐based regulatory frameworks comprised e.g. Directive 93/67/EEC and Regulation (EC) No 1488/94, the two predecessors of the REACH ...
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WHO Meeting Report States Precautionary Approach Towards Nanomaterials `Seems Desirable`
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published the report of the December 10-11, 2012, WHO expert meeting entitled Nanotechnology and human health: Scientific evidence and risk governance. The conclusion states that while “first generation nanomaterials are being used in a variety of applications and products, they do not seem to present an imminent public health issue.” The ...
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Are we going about chemical risk assessment for the aquatic environment the wrong way?
The goal of protecting the aquatic environment through testing thousands of chemicals against hundreds of aquatic species with thousands of endpoints while also considering mixtures is impossible given the present resources. Much of the impetus for studies on micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, came from the topic of endocrine disruption in wild fish. But despite concern over reductions ...
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Criteria for deviation from predictions by the concentration addition model
Loewe's additivity (concentration addition; CA) is a well‐known model for predicting the toxic effects of chemical mixtures under the additivity assumption of toxicity. However, from the perspective of chemical risk assessment/management, it is important to identify chemicals whose toxicities are additive when present concurrently, i.e., it should be established whether there are chemical ...
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White Paper on chemicals and Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants: perspectives for environmental risk management
The ever-growing attention to the environmental risk assessment of chemical substances has had considerable repercussions in the recent agreements reached within the European Union and on the international stage. In the conclusions on the European Commission's White Paper Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy, the Council of the European Union recently referred to the need to include persistent, ...
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Assessment and management of environmental risks from industries at Trans-Thane Creek, Bombay
This paper gives an overview of the risk assessment study carried out as part of the Inter-Agency Project on Assessment and Management of risks from industries in the Trans-Thane Creek area near Bombay. The scope of the study includes identification of hazardous chemicals in the industrial area, reviewing the possible sources of release of the chemicals, evaluating probable reasons for such ...
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Considerations for Developing Alternative Health Risk Assessment Approaches for Addressing Multiple Chemicals, Exposures and Effect (External Review Draft)
This report is not guidance but rather a presentation of concepts that could assist the development of guidance. It presents risk assessment approaches and information on a subset of issues that are identified in the 2003 Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment. The sequence of procedural steps suggested in this report is designed to emphasize the links between the exposed population and the ...
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Towards refined environmental scenarios for ecological risk assessment of down‐the‐drain chemicals in freshwater environments
Current regulatory practice for chemical risk assessment suffers from the lack of realism in conventional frameworks. Despite significant advances in exposure and ecological effect modelling, the implementation of novel approaches as high tier options for prospective regulatory risk assessment remains limited, particularly among general chemicals such as down‐the‐drain ingredients. While ...
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The European Union Risk Assessment on Zinc and Zinc Compounds: The Process and the Facts
A risk assessment on zinc and zinc compounds was carried out within the framework of Council Regulation 793/93/EEC on Existing Chemicals. This risk assessment basically followed the European Union (EU) technical guidance documents (TGDs). These TGDs are built on the current knowledge on quantitative risk assessments, mainly for organic chemicals. This article describes the tailor-made approach ...
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Disclosure protection may narrow
A business" ability to claim information as confidential when submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may soon be at risk, based on several EPA initiatives rolled out over the past year. As Congress gears up for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) legislative reform, stakeholders are preparing for changes in the scope of confidential business information (CBI) protection under ...
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Estimating hazardous concentrations by an informative bayesian approach
The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach is recommended for assessing chemical risk. In practice, however, it can be used only for the few substances for which large‐scale ecotoxicological results are available. Indeed, the statistical frequentist approaches used for building SSDs and for deriving hazardous concentrations (HC5) inherently require extensive data to guarantee ...
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Environmental impact assessment for nanotechnologies: integrating the ecological and the chemical perspective
The development and application of products containing engineered nanoparticles (ENP) has dramatically increased over the past decade, whereas the assessment of potential hazards to humans and especially to the environment substantially falls behind. The UFT Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology at the University of Bremen focuses on environmentally benign nanomaterials. ...
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Relative sensitivities among avian species to individual and mixtures of AhR‐active compounds
Dioxins and dioxin‐like compounds (DLCs) are potent toxicants to most vertebrates. Sensitivities to DLCs vary among species. Here sensitivities of avian species (chicken [Gallus gallus], ring‐necked pheasant [Phasianus colchicus], Japanese quail [Coturnix japonica]) to some polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined by use of ...
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Common approach to comparison and standardisation of health risk from different sources of harm
Current specific and different approaches in health risk assessment and establishing safety standards developed for chemicals, ionising radiation and other risk sources are analysed. Some recommendations are given to adopt the common approach. A specific risk index R has been proposed for safety decision making (establishing safety standards and other levels of protective actions, comparison of ...
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Reflections on new directions for risk assessment of environmental chemical mixtures
Currently risk assessment of chemicals tackles them as single substances affecting individual health endpoints. In reality, human exposure occurs to mixtures of chemicals, as they are present in the environment and consumer products. Combining the information from environmental fate analysis, epidemiological data and toxicokinetic/dynamic models helps estimate internal exposure. Coupling these ...
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On the relationship between risk control and risk potential for major hazardous industries in the EU
Technological progress is directed towards fulfilling human needs for development and progress. At the same time, the detriments or accidental risks arising from the use of specific technologies cannot be avoided. Risk-informed methods provide various qualitative and quantitative measures that can significantly support consistent decision making on managing accidental risks related to a specific ...
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