chemical toxic effect Articles
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Bridging environmental mixtures and toxic effects
The Biological Response Indicator Devices Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) is a bioanalytical tool that combines passive sampling with the embryonic zebrafish developmental toxicity bioassay to provide a quantitative measure of the toxicity of bioavailable complex mixtures. Passive sampling devices (PSDs), which sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the ...
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Modeling the long-term effect of PCBs on Everglades fish communities
Fish communities are regularly exposed to a large number of natural and synthetic toxic chemicals, whose harmful effects, both short-term and long-term, need to be studied. Mathematical simulation models are known to be useful tools in the assessment of both acute and chronic effects. A time-concentration-effect model has been developed to assess the long-term effect of PCBs on multi generations ...
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Impact assessment of pollution in some lake water located at and around Thane City of Maharashtra, India: physico-chemical properties and toxic effects of heavy metal content
Most of the fresh water bodies all over the world are getting polluted day by day, which has become a burning issue of present time. Hence their regular monitoring is crucial for the well-being and health of the surrounding population. Therefore in the present investigation, we carried out a systematic study to estimate the physico-chemical parameters and level of toxic heavy metal content in the ...
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International harmonization of models for selecting less toxic chemical alternatives: Effect of regulatory disparities in the US and Europe
The desire to reduce human exposure to toxic chemicals associated with consumer products that are marketed globally demands the creation of comparative toxicity assessment tools that are based on uniform thresholds of acceptable risks and guidelines for materials use across international boundaries. The Toxic Potential Indicator (TPI) is a quantitative model based on European Union (EU) ...
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Evaluation Of Toxic Effects Exhibited By Organic Pollutants Present In Soil
Abstract: Bioassays are widely applied to measure toxic effects of aquatic samples such as surface water and groundwater, leachates and elutriates, as well as sediments, sludges, and soils. Contrary to (eco)toxicity tests, which translate single chemical concentrations into toxic effects (dose-response relationship giving NOEC, EC50, etc.), bioassays are applied to samples from contaminated ...
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Mercurycontamination detection in industrial premises
Summary Environmental pressures and subsequent legislation to control hazardous substances have seen a sharp decline in the use of mercury, although it remains an important chemical in many industrial processes and a wide range of products. This ongoing use and historic prevalence means that mercury contamination represents a significant hazard during decommissioning, demolition, repurposing or ...
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Comparison of hazard area and casualty predictions of a small-scale chemical attack using various toxic load toxicity models
It has been observed that the toxic load model can better account for toxic effects from chemical exposures than Haber’s law. However, the toxic load model has been experimentally validated only for steady exposures. We compare four proposed extensions of the toxic load model to the case of time-varying exposures. We conclude that the choice of the toxic load model can be important in ...
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Criteria for deviation from predictions by the concentration addition model
Loewe's additivity (concentration addition; CA) is a well‐known model for predicting the toxic effects of chemical mixtures under the additivity assumption of toxicity. However, from the perspective of chemical risk assessment/management, it is important to identify chemicals whose toxicities are additive when present concurrently, i.e., it should be established whether there are chemical ...
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Comparing sorption behavior of pyrethroids between formulated and natural sediments
Formulated sediments are recommended for use in toxicity tests to achieve standardized evaluations. However, the organic matter used in formulated sediments may differ qualitatively from that in natural sediments, which may lead to different chemical partition patterns and hence, different toxicity effects. By deriving KOC and KDOC for 8 pyrethroid insecticides from three formulated and five ...
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Auto mechanics find new way to save the environment and money
Some mechanics have reported a 50% savings in cleaning time by turning to an ultrasonic parts cleaning machine while taking advantage of an ecologically safe alternative to manual cleaning with toxic chemicals. With today's industrial sized ultrasonic cleaners, the speed of ultrasonic cleaning to remove soils is combined with the capacity to clean multiple parts at once. Let's take a look at some ...
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The role of respirometry in maximising aerobic treatment plant efficiency
Wastewater treatment plants are coming under increasing pressure to increase their efficiency of operation. There are two objectives in this. The first is to reduce the cost of treatment. The second is a response to new legislation aimed at reducing the carryover of toxic materials to receiving waters. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to focus on the pivotal role of bacterial respiration ...
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Regulatory Developments - ALJ Decision Imposing Large Fine for TSCA Section 8(e) Penalty May Provide New Guidance on What Constitutes Corroborative Information under Section 8(e)
On November 12, 2013, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) decision ordering Respondent Elementis Chromium Inc., f/k/a Elementis Chromium, LP (Elementis or Company), to pay a $2,571,800 civil penalty for violating Section 8(e) and Section 15(3)(B) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The decision is available online. Although ...
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Anti-fungal compounds: emerging environmental contaminants
Azole fungicides are active ingredients in a range of pharmaceutical and personal care products, and are also used in agriculture. This study reviewed the sources, presence and risks of these compounds in the environment, finding evidence of toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The researchers provide directions for future research and warn caution should be exercised until more toxicity data ...
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Toxicological and Environmental Safety Data - Case Study
Introduction AGRAGEL is a cross-linked copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide partially neutralized as potassium/ ammonium salt. The polymer is in its dry form a granulate and forms a gel-like material upon addition of water or aqueous solutions. Due to the cross-linking it is insoluble in water. Uptake of water is facilitated mainly by the negative carboxylic groups of the polymer and their ...
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