acute toxicity Articles
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The role of silver and vanadium release in the toxicity of silver vanadate nanowires toward Daphnia similis
Nanomaterials are used in a wide spectrum of applications, including nanowires that are objects with at least one of its dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Recently, a new type of silver vanadate nanowire decorated with silver nanoparticles (SVSN‐LQES1) with promising antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was described. The objective of the present study was to ...
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Use of an exposure chamber to maintain aqueous‐phase nanoparticle dispersions for improved toxicity testing in fish
A novel chamber for maintaining aqueous phase dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) to enable improved toxicity testing in larval zebrafish was developed. Aqueous concentrations were within 80% of initial NP concentrations, and 96‐h LC50 values were highly reproducible (coefficient of variation <0.16, n=3 tests). Significantly lower toxicity for each NP tested (Ag‐, Cu‐, TiO2‐NPs) in static ...
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Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Caenorhabditis elegans: A comparison of mesocosm, microcosm and conventional laboratory studies
The use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and industrial applications, as well as recent detection in waste streams, has created concern over potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effect of complex environmental media on silver nanoparticle toxicity was investigated using wetland mesocosms and smaller scale microcosms. Mesocosms were dosed with 2.5 mg Ag/L as gum arabic (GA) ...
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Assessing toxicity of copper nanoparticles across five cladoceran species
Due to ever increasing applications, nanoparticles will eventually end up in the environment. However, currently no common principle has been established to help understand the toxicity of NPs across species. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the potential risks of nanoparticles to untested species in the environment. We exposed four different sizes of copper nanoparticles and one ...
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Effects of silver nanoparticles to the freshwater snail Physa acuta: The role of test media and snails' life cycle stage
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are highly used worldwide, which will most likely lead to their release to the environment and subsequently increase environmental concentrations. Therefore studying AgNPs' deleterious effects to organisms is crucial to understand their environmental impacts. The freshwater snail Physa acuta was chosen to evaluate the potential deleterious effects of AgNP and ...
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Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Daphnia magna is a function of dissolved silver concentration
The most persistent question regarding the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is whether this toxicity is due to the nanoparticles themselves or the silver ions (Ag+) they release. The present study investigates the role of surface coating and the presence of dissolved organic carbon on the toxicity of AgNPs to Daphnia magna and tests the hypothesis that the acute toxicity of AgNPs is a ...
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Acute toxicity of nanosize TiO2 to Daphnia magna under UVA irradiation
The production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), especially those of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have increased steadily within the last decade. Common knowledge of photoactive nanosized TiO2 (nTiO2) effects on freshwater organisms is largely limited to acute toxicity tests without taking into consideration solar ultraviolet‐A (UVA) irradiation. The authors' approach in the present study, based on a ...
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Determination of nanosilver dissolution kinetics and toxicity in an environmentally relevant aqueous medium
Assessing the dissolution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in laboratory test media and in the aquatic environment is critical for determining toxicity. In the present study, the ion‐release kinetics for 20, 50, and 80 nm AgNPs in environmentally relevant freshwaters with different electrical conductivity values (30 µS/cm, 150 µS/cm) were examined and related to the associated impact on Daphnia ...
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Treatment of aqueous bisphenol A using nano-sized zero-valent iron in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and persulfate oxidants
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial pollutant considered as one of the major endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in natural waters. In the present study, the use of a commercial, air-stable, zero-valent iron (ZVI) powder, consisting of Fe0 surface stabilized nanoparticles was examined for the treatment of 20 mg/L, aqueous BPA solutions. The influence of pH (3, 5, 7), addition of hydrogen ...
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The effects of hydroxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the toxicity of nickel to Daphnia magna under different pH levels
Hydroxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (F‐MWCNTs), with large amount of hydrophilic groups attached on the nanoparticle surface, have caused considerable concerns of their inevitable releases into the aquatic environments. As one of the F‐MWCNTs, hydroxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (OH‐MWCNTs) may interact with other contaminants such as heavy metals and even influence their ...
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The influence of natural organic matter and aging on suspension stability in guideline toxicity testing of Ag, ZnO, and TiO2 nanoparticles with Daphnia magna
This study investigated changes in suspension stability and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) by addition of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR‐NOM) and aging of stock and test suspensions prior to testing. Acute toxicity tests of Ag, ZnO, and TiO2 ENPs with Daphnia magna were carried out following OECD test guidelines. D. magna was found to be very sensitive to Ag ENPs ...
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Nanosized titanium dioxide influences copper induced toxicity during aging as a function of environmental conditions
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) adsorb co‐occurring heavy metals in surface waters modulating their toxicity for freshwater invertebrates. The processes triggering this interaction may, however, be influenced by several environmental parameters, while their relative importance remains, unclear. Therefore, the present study assessed the implications of aging on the joint acute toxicity ...
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FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel considers nanosilver
On November 3-5, 2009, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) met “to consider and review a set of scientific issues related to the assessment of hazard and exposure associated with nanosilver and other nanometal pesticide products.” The decision to convene an SAP was nominally motivated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) ...
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Thematic Issue: Nanomaterials’ Functionality
Nanomaterials: addressing the challenges, benefiting from the opportunities Some of the deepest challenges we will face in the coming decades derive from the opportunities offered by emerging technological advances. Many of these will improve our quality of life, and develop our economies, but all will be measured against the overarching principle that we do not make some error, and harm ...
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