toxic metals concentration Articles
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An effects addition model based on bioaccumulation of metals from exposure to mixtures of metals can predict chronic mortality in the aquatic invertebrate Hyalella azteca
Chronic toxicity tests of mixtures of 9 metals and 1 metalloid (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) at equitoxic concentrations over an increasing concentration range were conducted with the epibenthic, freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. The authors conducted 28‐d, water‐only tests. The bioaccumulation trends changed for 8 of the elements in exposures to mixtures of the metals ...
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Measuring heavy metal migration rates in a low-permeability soil
Abstract Heavy metals at high concentrations are often toxic to living organisms, and their environmental toxicity depends on soil properties. It has long been thought that in clay-rich, low-permeability soils, heavy metals are bound to soil particles, and thus there are only few toxicity risks. This study questioned this perception and tested heavy metal mobility in such a soil, of the London ...
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Environmental toxicity and radioactivity assessment of a titanium processing residue with potential for environmental use
Thorough examination of the physico‐chemical characteristics of a Ti processing residue was undertaken including mineralogical, geochemical, and radiochemical characterisation, and an investigation of the environmental toxicity of softwater leachate generated from the residue. Concentrations of most metals measured in the leachate were low; thus, the residue is unlikely to leach high levels of ...
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Ecological risk assessment of boreal sediments affected by metal mining: Metal geochemistry, seasonality, and comparison of several risk assessment methods
The mining industry is a common source of environmental metal emissions, which cause long‐lasting effects in aquatic ecosystems. Metal risk assessment is challenging due to variations in metal distribution, speciation, and bioavailability. Therefore, seasonal effects must be better understood, especially in boreal regions in which seasonal changes are large. We sampled 4 Finnish lakes and ...
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Molecular screening of microbial communities for candidate indicators of multiple metal impacts in marine sediments from Northern Australia
Coastal sediments accumulate metals from anthropogenic sources and as a consequence industry is required to monitor sediment health. The total concentration of a metal does not necessarily reflect its potential toxicity or biological impact, so biological assessment tools are useful for monitoring. Rapid Biological Assessment (RBA) tools sensitive enough to detect relatively small increases in ...
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Improved sensitivity to heavy metals in the bioluminescence assay using alternative salt solutions
Introduction The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is widely used for the toxicity assessment of environmental samples. The toxicity is measured in a medium containing 2% NaCl. When the bacteria are exposed to toxic compounds, the light production is inhibited. Toxicity values are obtained after 15 and 30 minutes exposure and expressed as EC50 values, the effective concentration causing 50% loss ...
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Reproductive Toxicity of Binary and Ternary Mixture Combinations of Ni, Zn, and Pb To Ceriodaphnia Dubia Is Best Predicted With The Independent Action Model
Metals occur as mixtures in the environment. Risk assessment procedures for metals currently lack a framework to incorporate chronic metal mixture toxicity. Here, the toxicity of binary and ternary mixture combinations of Ni, Zn, and Pb was investigated in three large‐scale experiments using the standard chronic (7d) C. dubia reproductive toxicity test. These metals were selected because of ...
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Assessment of levels and “health-effects” of airborne particulate matter in mining, metal refining and metal working industries
The increased awareness of occupational health, hygiene and safety in recent years has resulted in improvement of working conditions and in reducing workers’ exposure to many toxic substances. However, substantial hazards remain, the number of cases of occupational illness due to hazardous exposure is still high, and new cases will continue to occur if there are no further improvements. During ...
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Toxicological effects of short‐term resuspension of metal‐contaminated freshwater and marine sediments
Sediments in navigation‐dominated waterways are frequently contaminated with a variety of particle‐associated pollutants and are subject to frequent short‐term resuspension events. There is little information documenting whether resuspension of metal‐contaminated sediments has adverse ecological effects on resident aquatic organisms. Using a novel laboratory approach, we examined the ...
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Reduced cadmium accumulation and toxicity in Daphnia magna under carbon nanotube exposure
With increasing application and commercial production, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will inevitably be released into aquatic environments and affect the transport and toxicity of toxic metals in ecosystems. The present study examined how CNTs affected the biokinetics and toxicity of a toxic metal, cadmium (Cd), in the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna. The authors quantified the dissolved uptake ...
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Joint Toxicity of Cadmium and Phenanthrene in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyalella azteca
Abstract The joint toxicity of combined metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is poorly understood and may deviate from the summed concentration responses of the individual pollutants. The freshwater amphipod Hyalella az-teca was exposed to sediment-amended Cd and phenanthrene (Phen) individually and in combination using United States Environmental Protection Agency 10-day sediment ...
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Relative importance of direct and trophic uranium exposures in the crayfish Orconectes limosus: Implication for predicting U bioaccumulation and its associated toxicity
Pollutants that occur at sublethal concentrations in the environment may lead to chronic exposure in aquatic organisms. If these pollutants bioaccumulate, then organisms higher in the food chain may also be at risk. Increased attention has thus been focused on the relative importance of dietary uptake, but additional knowledge of the cellular distribution of metals after dietary exposure is ...
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Default Guideline Values (DGVs) For Toxicants When Assessing Water Quality
Default Guidelines Values (DGVs) are developed according to risk assessment principles by using data derived from laboratory tests in clean water. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method is used in deriving DGVs for toxicants during water quality assessment. In circumstances where SSD is not applicable, the assessment-factor approach is used. It provides the best estimate of toxicant ...
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Air quality in Europe - 2014 report
Despite considerable improvements in the past decades, Europe is still far from achieving levels of air quality that do not pose unacceptable risks to humans and the environment. Air pollution is the top environmental risk factor of premature death in Europe; it increases the incidence of a wide range of diseases and has several environmental impacts, damaging vegetation and ecosystems. This ...
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Air quality in Europe — 2015 report
Air pollution is both an environmental and a social problem, as it leads to a multitude of adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, the built environment and the climate. Air pollution poses the single largest environmental health risk in Europe today. Air pollutants are emitted from anthropogenic and natural sources; they may be transported or formed over long distances; and they may affect ...
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