water analysis Articles
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Why is alkalinity an important parameter in environmental water analysis?
Answer: Alkalinity is a measure of the acid-neutralizing or buffering capacity of a solution. The properties of water are is easily influenced by alkalinity, making it an important and widely used test. If any changes are made to a solution which could impact pH, alkalinity acts a buffer. This ability to neutralize acid (H+ ions) is what makes alkalinity so important. Hydroxides (OH-), carbonates ...
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Piper Diagrams in Chemistry Water Analysis
Arthur M. Piper introduced the Piper diagram in 1994. It is used for studying water chemistry and quality. The Piper diagram helps in the segregation of analytical data necessary for determining the sources of the constituents dissolved in water. The applicability of the procedure is possible due to natural water having anions and cations in chemical equilibrium. The most abundant cations in ...
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Spatial analysis of water quality using a combination of GIS and statistical software
GIS-based spatial analysis was combined with statistical analysis to process time varying water quality data. A data model was employed to manage the spatio-temporal data. The spatial data engine of ArcSDE was used to access the database. A data relationship model was developed to perform data communication between GIS and the statistical software. Visual Basic was used to construct links between ...
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Simulated precipitation response to SST forcing and potential predictability in the region of the South Atlantic convergence zone
The sensitivity of the precipitation response in the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) to sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is investigated by an inter-model comparison study of ensembles of multidecadal integrations of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs)—version 1 of the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) model, and the NCAR community climate model ...
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Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of water transport modelling in a layered soil profile using fuzzy set theory
A methodology based on fuzzy set theory is presented to express imprecision of input data in a non-probabilitic sense. Imprecision may originate from indirect measurements, estimation routines, subjective interpretation, and expert judgement of available information. A numerical finite difference solution scheme was chosen to solve one-dimensional steady-state water flow in the unsaturated zone ...
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Continuous simulation of suspended sediment through a stream section
This paper presents the development of a one–dimensional stream water quality model for the continuous simulation of suspended sediment transport and deposition processes along a particular stream section. The model integrates stream hydraulics and suspended sediment transport and deposition processes. The stream hydraulic model was developed using the Muskingum–Cunge method of channel routing. ...
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Sensitivity analysis of climate change impact on the hydrology of the Litani Basin in Lebanon
The effects of climate change on the surface water of the Litani Basin (Lebanon) are examined. A series of 82 hypothetical scenarios are imposed on each of the sub–basins' precipitation and temperature data and an integrated hydrological model is developed while conserving the other climate variables. A sensitivity analysis approach is applied to examine the relative changes of runoff from the ...
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Generation of daily naturalized flow at ungaged control points
The development of daily naturalized flow in the water rights analysis package (WRAP) model at ungaged stations has difficulties because of low daily flow measurement at gaged stations, low available monthly naturalized flow, and budget constraints. This study proposes a procedure for developing daily naturalized flow at ungaged stations. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was ...
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Assessment of water quality modelling capabilities of EPANET multiple species and pressure-dependent extension models
The need for accurately predicting water quality through models has increasingly been crucial in meeting rigorous standards and customer expectations. There are several endeavours on developing robust water quality models for water distribution systems. In this paper, two variants of the EPANET 2 water quality model have been assessed to inform future research. The models are the multiple ...
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Water budget analysis and management for Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand
The water budget of the Bangkok Metropolis system was analyzed using a material flow analysis model. Total imported flows into the system were 80,080 million m3 per year (Mm3 y–1) including inflows from the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong rivers and rainwater. Total exported flows out of the system were 78,528 Mm3 y–1 including outflow into the lower Chao Phraya River and tap water (TW) distributed ...
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Uncertainty quantification of pressure-driven analysis for water distribution network modeling
The hydraulic analysis of water distribution networks (WDNs) is divided into two approaches: namely, a demand-driven analysis (DDA) and a pressure-driven analysis (PDA). In the DDA, the basic assumption is that the nodal demand is fully supplied irrespective of the nodal pressure, which is mainly suitable for normal operating conditions. However, in abnormal conditions, such as pipe failures ...
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An optimization model for water resources allocation risk analysis under uncertainty
In order to deal with the risk of low system stability and unbalanced allocation during water resources management under uncertainties, a risk-averse inexact two-stage stochastic programming model is developed for supporting regional water resources management. Methods of interval-parameter programming and conditional value-at-risk model are introduced into a two-stage stochastic programming ...
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Multivariate statistical analysis for water demand modelling: implementation, performance analysis, and comparison with the PRP model
Water demand is the driving force behind hydraulic dynamics in water distribution systems. Consequently, it is crucial to accurately estimate the actual water use to develop reliable simulation models. In this study, copula-based multivariate analysis was proposed and used for demand prediction for a given return period. The analysis was applied to water consumption data collected in the ...
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Understanding the True Cost of Water - Overcoming Barriers to Corporate Water Stewardship
For companies pursuing corporate water stewardship strategies, a common barrier to action is the perceived low cost of water “at the tap.” Water reduction, reuse, and recycling projects often do not meet investment hurdle rates or compare positively to other investments. This also acts to limit community and watershed engagement actions outside of the fence line as well. Our water ...
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Understanding the True Cost of Water
Overcoming Barriers to Corporate Water Stewardship For companies pursuing corporate water stewardship strategies, a common barrier to action is the perceived low cost of water “at the tap.” Water reduction, reuse, and recycling projects often do not meet investment hurdle rates or compare positively to other investments. This also acts to limit community and watershed engagement ...
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Adaptive meta-modeling-based simulation optimization in basin-scale optimum water allocation: a comparative analysis of meta-models
Incorporating river basin simulation models in heuristic optimization algorithms can help modelers address complex, basin-scale water resource problems. We have developed a hybrid optimization-simulation model by linking a stretching particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm and the MODSIM river basin decision support system (DSS), and have used the SPSO-MODSIM model to optimize water ...
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Project - Environmental Assessment of the West Detour Mine Expansion
Client: Cathryn Moffett, Director, Environment & Sustainability, Detour Gold Corporation 199 Bay Street, Suite 4100 Toronto, Ontario, M5L 1E2 (416)304-0800 cmoffett@detourgold.com Key Personnel: D. Kassenaar, E.J. Wexler Tier 2 Water Budget analysis completed under the Clean Water Act identified Middle Spencer Creek for further analysis at the Tier 3 Risk Assessment level. Earthfx was hired ...
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Project - Tier 3 Water Budget and Local Area Risk Assessment for the Greensville Groundwater Municipal System
Client: Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region, 4052 Milburough Line, RR#2, Campbellville, Ontario. Diane L. Bloomfield, M.Sc., P.Geo. (905.854.9229 ext. 223) Key Personnel: D. Kassenaar, E.J. Wexler, P. Thompson, M. Takeda, J. Ford Tier 2 Water Budget analysis completed under the Clean Water Act identified Middle Spencer Creek for further analysis at the Tier 3 Risk Assessment level. Earthfx ...
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Integrated urban water governance in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: changes and inertias
This contribution intends to contribute to the analysis of changes in the model of water governance in Belo Horizonte. The first part of the article explores how different theories concerning governance can be interpreted in different ways and, based on this, develops three water governance models: 1) the previous centralised model; 2) the traditional normative model; 3) the currently implemented ...
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Comparison of two multivariate classification models for contamination event detection in water quality time series
This paper explores two applied classification models alerting for contamination events in water distribution systems. The models perform multivariate analysis of water quality online measurements for event detection. The developed models comprise an outlier detection algorithm and a following sequence analysis for the classification of events. The first model is an unsupervised minimum volume ...
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