vehicle emissions Articles
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Research Note: Air pollution challenges and solutions for China's urban transportation development
China has experienced dramatic urbanisation and motorisation in the past 20 years. The phenomenal rise in the vehicle population in major cities has resulted in increased air pollution, traffic congestion and other 'wicked problems'. The Chinese government at all levels has made significant effort to control motor vehicle emissions, but vehicle population growth far outpaces their efforts, ...
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History of Air Pollution in the UK
Concern about urban air quality is not new. Complaints were recorded in the 13th century when coal was first used in London. Since the middle of the 19th century, the atmosphere of the major British cities was regularly polluted by coal smoke in winter, giving rise to an infamous mixture of fog and smoke known as smog. Today the emphasis has shifted from the pollution problems caused by industry ...
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History of Air Pollution in the UK
Introduction Concern about urban air quality is not new. Complaints were recorded in the 13th century when coal was first used in London. Since the middle of the 19th century, the atmosphere of the major British cities was regularly polluted by coal smoke in winter, giving rise to an infamous mixture of fog and smoke known as smog. Today the emphasis has shifted from the pollution problems ...
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Evaluation of diesel fleet emissions and control policies from plume chasing measurements of on-road vehicles
Abstract Vehicle emissions are an important source of urban air pollution. Diesel fuelled vehicles, although constituting a relatively small fraction of fleet population in many cities, are significant contributors to the emission inventory due to their often long mileage for goods and public transport. Recent classification of diesel exhaust as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization ...
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Can roadway design air quality impacts
In recent years, a consensus has emerged that exposure to traffic emissions increases risks of adverse health effects for populations living, working, or going to school near large roadways.1-4 Near-roadway air pollution is characterized by elevated levels of trafficgenerated compounds compared to overall urban background levels with the gradual decrease in concentrations within several hundred ...
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Air quality model simulating photochemical formation of pollutants: the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil
The main sources of ozone precursors in the atmosphere of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) in Brazil are emissions from gasoline-, ethanol-, and diesel-powered vehicles. Ozone is a significant air quality problem in the SPMA. To come into compliance with the National Ambient Air quality Standard for Ozone, emission reduction policies must be established. An adequate emissions inventory and ...
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Air Pollution and Traffic: Monitoring Strategies for Reducing Emissions in Big Cities
TL;DR - Vehicle emissions comprise a significant portion of global air pollution, with vehicles responsible for a wide range of pollutants known to be harmful to human and environmental health - including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and ground-level ozone. Traffic-related pollution is made worse by idling and traffic congestion, which causes a build-up of ...
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An approach for road air emissions calculation: Portuguese case-study
A methodology to estimate road transportation emissions was developed with the main objective of improving emission estimates for those pollutants that are most dependent on the vehicle class and abatement technology. Emissions were estimated with a detailed level of disaggregation allowing the evaluation of measures aiming key source groups rather than road traffic in general. Those measures ...
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Dynamic modelling of transient emissions and concentrations from traffic in street canyons
In the EU 5th framework project DECADE (2001–2003), a new methodology has been developed to calculate in detail the engine power required to drive a given vehicle over any particular route. It includes the rapidly changing (transient) demands placed on the engine, an area that has proved an obstacle to accurate simulations in the past. Together with the associated speed profiles, the actual power ...
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Modelling street canyon pollution: model requirements and expectations
Dispersion of pollution from traffic in urban street canyons is governed by a complex wind flow structure, which hardly can be described by traditional Gaussian models. On the other hand, some simple rules can be used to provide rough estimates of pollution levels, especially considering the worst-case conditions. The model requirements will thus also depend on the particular application and the ...
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Air–quality impact of PM10 emission in urban centres
This paper calculates a detailed inventory of PM10 emissions in the urban area of Mendoza, Argentina, and evaluates the impact of such emissions by using the CALPUFF dispersion program. It includes direct and indirect emissions from mobile sources; emissions from industrial sources and fugitive emissions from unpaved road and dust production from bare land. The main results show the relevance of ...
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Traffic pollution modelling in a complex urban street
This study explores for the first time, the applicability of the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in the city of Buenos Aires where street canyons are very irregular. The model is applied in an irregular and asymmetric street canyon of a five–lane avenue near a street intersection. Urban background concentrations estimated by the DAUMOD model are considered. Meteorological ...
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Small scale particulate matter measurements and dispersion modelling in the inner city of Liège, Belgium
In the framework of the Interreg–IV 'PM–Lab' project a local–scale exercise was set up to evaluate air pollution in terms of particulate matter (PM) within the centre of Liège, Belgium (pop. 190,000). Sixteen sites distributed on a boulevard and its side streets were selected to determine the spatio–temporal variation of PM concentration in this traffic–dominated area. In addition to the in situ ...
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A comprehensive experimental databank for the verification of urban car emission dispersion models
A summary presentation is made of representative samples from a comprehensive experimental databank on car exhaust dispersion in urban street canyons. Physical modelling, under neutral stratification conditions, was used to provide visualisation, pollutant concentration and velocimetry measurements above and inside test canyons amidst surrounding urban roughness. The study extended to two ...
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Hourly NOx concentrations and wind direction in the vicinity of a street intersection
This study relates NOxconcentrations and wind (speed and direction) measured inside an asymmetric street canyon, with ambient wind. The monitoring site is located near a street intersection. The wind measured at the domestic airport located in the city, near the coast, has been considered as ambient wind. Wind direction at the monitoring site inside the canyon is mainly from the E, NE, W and NW ...
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An inverse modelling approach for estimating vehicular emissions in urban coastal areas of the Messina Strait
The CALPUFF modelling system was used to predict dispersion of contaminants emitted from industrial, naval and vehicular sources in the Strait of Messina area (Italy). This region is of particular interest in that it relates to the construction of the Messina Bridge, the road infrastructure linking the Italian mainland and Sicily. The domain includes two cities, i.e., Messina and Reggio Calabria, ...
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PM10, CO and NOx concentrations in the Tuhobic road tunnel, Croatia
Particulate matter (PM10 particle fraction) and trace gases (CO, NO and NO2) have been sampled during six weeks in the Tuhobic road tunnel, Croatia, whose length is 2140 m. Eight mini portable air samplers (Air Metrics, USA) were placed in the centre of the tunnel at a height of 1.70-m above the ground. PM10 samples were collected on Whatman quartz filters with the diameter of 47 mm, while gases ...
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A dataset for the validation of flow and dispersion models at an urban intersection
Dispersion modelling concerning air pollution caused by road traffic is reduced to a two-dimensional problem within street canyons. However, significant pollution loads are also to be expected at intersections. In this case, three-dimensional flow and dispersion structures have to be considered. For the validation of models claimed to be applicable to intersections, measurements of meteorological ...
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ADMS-Urban: an air quality management system for traffic, domestic and industrial pollution
The new version of the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System for urban environments, ADMS-Urban, is based on the same up-to-date physics as the ADMS model, outlined briefly here in Section 2. The basic model has been the subject of extensive validation studies: as part of this series of European Harmonisation Workshops; sponsored by HMIP (Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, now part of the ...
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Comparison of model predictions and measurements near a major road in an urban area
We have compared measured concentration data with predictions from a dispersion modelling system. The measurement campaign was conducted near a major road in the Helsinki Metropolitan area during two months of 1994. The concentrations of five gaseous pollutants (NO, NO2, O3, CO and SO2) were measured at three heights, together with the simultaneous measurement of traffic densities and the ...
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