Chromium Contamination (Health and Safety) Articles

Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of treated tannery wastewater in southern Brazil

In this study, we analysed the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of treated tannery wastewater using the micronucleus (MN) test in fish erythrocytes (Bryconamericus iheringii) and the Allium cepa test system. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations of tannery effluent (2, 5 and 10%) for 3 and 6 days. Onion bulbs were exposed to four dilutions of the effluent (2, 5, 10 and 25%) for 60 ...

Jun. 11, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Membrane contactors (NDSX and EPT): an innovative alternative for the treatment of effluents containing metallic pollutants

This work presents an overview of membrane–based solvent extraction technologies using membrane contactors as an innovative alternative for the remediation of effluents containing metallic pollutants. The discussion is focused on the description of Non–Dispersive Solvent Extraction (NDSX) and Emulsion Pertraction Technologies (EPTs). Three case studies are reported to demonstrate the viability of ...

Apr. 9, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Assessing natural contents of hazardous metals in soils by different analytical methods and its impact on environmental legislative measures

A variety of analytical techniques are commonly used to assess natural metal concentrations in soils. Although the choice of the analytical procedure may appear to be an unimportant issue, through an example from the Po Plain we document that for specific hazardous metals the arbitrary choice between separate analytical techniques may have contrasting legislative implications. Comparative ...

Feb. 20, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

EPA Budget Cuts Spell Stricter Enforcement:Technology the Answer

How does the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) receive funding? The simple answer - the taxpayer -from the taxpayer to Congress from Congress to the EPA, the taxpayer being the catalyst. The economy is in deep trouble; our government is looking at options not to default on our debt, trim budgets and reduce unemployment. One disturbing factor is that Congress wants to take billions ...

Jul. 15, 2011

By Abcov Companies , LLC

Phytoremediation of chromium(VI)-laden waste by Eichhornia crassipes

The aim of the present investigation is to develop a suitable phytoremediation technology for the procumbent removal of chromium(VI) in tannery wastewater. Water hyacinth species, Eichhornia crassipes, was chosen to remediate chromium from synthetic wastewater. Present study revealed 88% Cr(VI) removal in synthetic wastewater sample within 48 hours of the study at all concentrations ranging from ...

Mar. 30, 2011

By Inderscience Publishers

Confidential Site (ISOTEC Case Study 60) Injection of calcium polysulfide for in-situ treatment of heavy metals (hexavalent chrome)

ISOTEC was retained to implement a calcium polysulfide (CAPS) treatment program at a confidential site in northern New Jersey to address heavy metal impacted soils. The target contaminant of concern (COC) was hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]. Concentrations of Cr (VI) in soils varied from less than 240 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) to as high as 1,770 mg/kg. Average Cr (VI) concentration of 100 ...

Mar. 15, 2011

By In-Situ Oxidative Technologies, Inc (ISOTEC) - Soil & Groundwater Remediation

Spatial and seasonal variations and ecotoxicological significance of sediment trace metal concentrations in Kebir-Rhumel basin (Northeast of Algeria)

This study sought to assess sediment contamination by trace metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc), to localize contaminated sites and to identify environmental risk for aquatic organisms in Wadis of Kebir Rhumel basin in the Northeast of Algeria. Water and surficial sediments (0–5 cm) were sampled in winter, spring, summer and autumn from 37 sites along ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Use of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and vermicompost in the processing and safe management of hazardous solid and liquid wastes with high metal contents

Two feasibility studies using the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and vermicompost in the processing and remediation of solid and liquid wastes with high metal content are presented: vermicompost as adsorbent substrate for remediation of wastewaters contaminated with metals; earthworms for remediation of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in landfill soils. The feasibility of vermicompost for the ...

Dec. 2, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Reduction remediation of hexavalent chromium by bacterial flora in Cr(VI) aqueous solution

Chromium(VI) is a priority pollutant in soils and wastewaters and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is a solution to this problem. In this study a low-cost method was proposed to adapt indigenous bacteria and use them to reduce Cr(VI) in solutions. The experiment results show that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by indigenous bacteria under anaerobic and pH-unadjusted conditions. After about ...

Aug. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Removal of chromium(III) from water samples by a low-cost sorbent: application to a mixture of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)

Adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions and water samples has been investigated using Powdered Marble Waste (PMW). The effect of solution pH, initial metal concentration, sorbent dose, shaking time, temperature, and foreign ions on the adsorption of Cr(III) was studied. It was found that the sorption capacity increased with the increase of Cr(III) concentration and ...

Feb. 11, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Utilisation of Andisols as possible low-cost adsorbent to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solution

The potential of using Andisols to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solution was evaluated by batch and column experiments. The results showed that the A-horizons (Isarog: 63%; Mandalagan: 42%) of the soils have lower adsorption capacity compared to B-horizons (Isarog: 93%; Mandalagan: 66%) using a dose of 20 g/L and Cr (VI) concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption capacity of B-horizons using column ...

Feb. 11, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Potential of constructed wetland systems for treating tannery industrial wastewater

This paper reports on findings of a study on the performance of two units of a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSSFCW) units in treating wastewater effluent from a tannery industry. One of the HSSFCW units was planted with macrophytes, while the other was used as a control (without plants). Wastewater was fed into the wetland units at the mean flow rate of 0.045±0.005 m3/day. The ...

Feb. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Removal of trivalent chromium from dilute aqueous solutions and industrial effluents using Emulsion Liquid Membrane technique

This paper reports a study of batch extraction of trivalent chromium from dilute aqueous solutions as well as electroplating and tannery effluent by Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) technique. An experimental study was performed to optimise the pH of the aqueous external phase based on distribution coefficient of solute between aqueous external phase and organic (membrane) phase. The batch ...

Dec. 3, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

Transportation and distribution of chromium in the anaerobic sludge treating the chromium-containing wastewater

The chromium distribution and transportation in the anaerobic activated sludge was investigated using a sequential extraction method. The results showed that Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was reduced by the metabolic product of SRB and form indissoluble Cr(OH)3 in a solid phase. More than 99% of Cr(III) in the sludge was in a stable residual form (RES) of bio-reduction. The Cr(VI) was mainly present ...

Jul. 20, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

Refined style of leather case study

Leather shoes, jackets and accessories form the core of many outfits. Before turning into wearable products, leather undergoes a manyphased process including pickling, deliming and tanning. Kemira’s formic acid has been used for many years in the production of soft, top quality leather. The totally biodegradable acid promotes the even absorption and fixation of dye, and helps to keep the ...

Jun. 12, 2009

By Kemira Water Solutions, Inc.

Effect of sludge age on heavy metal biosorption by selector activated sludge

The influence of sludge age on the metal biosorption characteristics of an aerobic selector-activated sludge was investigated. Two bench-scale aerobic-activated sludge systems were operated at sludge ages of 5 days and 15 days for studying biosorption of Cu and Cr(VI). In-vitro batch experiments were performed to compare biosorption characteristics of the sludge samples harvested from the ...

Oct. 17, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

NUBIOLA: Investigation & Remediation of contaminated soil, groundwater & buildings (Phases I,II,III)

The industrial activity of the factory Nubiola, pigment manufacturers since 1914, caused contamination of the soil, the groundwater and the buildings on the site. The identified contamination showed Chromium VI, various other metals, sulphates and oils. The objective: remediate the site environmentally in order to be reutilised as a residential ...

Feb. 20, 2008

By MediTerra Environmental Consultants, S.L.

Removal of chromate ion from contaminated synthetic water using mcm-41/zsm-5 composite

The increasing contamination of urban and industrial wastewater by toxic metal ions is a worrying environmental problem. These inorganic micro-pollutants are of considerable concern because they are non-biodegradable, highly toxic and have a probable carcinogenic effect (Modani et al., 1996). In view of their high toxicity for human health, heavy metal concentrations in wastewater are restricted ...

Dec. 28, 2007

By University of Tehran

Heavy metal levels in tap water in Batina Region, Oman

Most household in Batina depend on private wells for their fresh water supplies. The quality of such water is not regulated or tested by authorities and, therefore, consumers' health might be at risk if water is contaminated. We assessed the contribution of some heavy metals to water pollution. Water samples from 364 houses were collected and analysed for levels of lead, chromium, nickel and ...

Nov. 8, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

Chromium toxicity

Chromium, in the form of unidentified chromium compounds, occurs naturally in the earth’s crust and is widely distributed in air, water, soil, and food. Chromium (3+) is an essential trace element in humans. The general population is exposed to some chromium (6+) compounds, but the levels of exposure vary. Environmental exposure specifically to chromium(6+) compounds is difficult to quantify, ...

Aug. 17, 2007

By Valahia University

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