toxicity measurement Articles
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Sensitivity of Microscale Ecotoxicity Tests and their Suitability to Measure Toxicity of Environmental Samples
Abstract : Aquatic microbiotests were selected and evaluated for their potential usefulness in measuring ecotoxicity in monitoring programs. Microbiotests are tests with aquatic invertebrates that demand a shorter exposure period and a smaller test volume than conventional aquatic ecotoxicity test methods. Microbiotests evaluated were the Thamnotox F test, the Rotox F test, the Algaltoxkit F ...
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A Procedure to assess Contaminated Soil Ecotoxicity
Abstract :Two polluted soil samples were assessed for both acute (Microtox®,Daphnia magna,Thamnocephalus platyurus) and chronic (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) toxicity, as well as for genotoxicity (Mutatox®). Bioassays were performed on soil water leachates and on soil solvent extracts to characterize not only the water soluble pollutants but also to evaluate less soluble pollutants or ...
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Don't be fooled—A no‐observed‐effect concentration is no substitute for a poor concentration–response experiment
Renowned mathematician and science historian Jacob Bronowski once defined science as “the acceptance of what works and the rejection of what does not” and noted “that needs more courage than we might think.” Such would also seem to be the case with no‐observed‐effect concentrations (NOECs) and no‐observed‐effect levels in ecotoxicology. Compelling arguments were advanced more than a quarter of ...
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Time‐dependent species sensitivity distributions
Time is a central component of toxicity assessments. However, current ecotoxicological practice marginalizes time in concentration–response (C‐R) modeling and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analyses. For C‐R models, time is invariably fixed, and toxicity measures are estimated from a function fitted to the data at that time. The estimated toxicity measures are used as inputs to the SSD ...
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Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities
Increased temperature and other environmental effects of global climate change (GCC) have documented impacts on many species (e.g., polar bears, amphibians, coral reefs) as well as on ecosystem processes and species interactions (e.g., the timing of predator–prey interactions). A challenge for ecotoxicologists is to predict how joint effects of climatic stress and toxicants measured at the ...
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Time to get off the fence: The need for definitive international guidance on statistical analysis of ecotoxicity data
The use of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in ecotoxicology has been consistently criticized for over 30 years. A search of the literature from the past 30 years found 22 articles challenging the validity and/or appropriateness of NOEC/LOEC data compared to only one in defense of such data. Notwithstanding this compelling weight of ...
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Algae recruited for waterways clean-up
Most people have heard about the canary in the cage; the hapless sentinel that warns miners of lethal build-ups of poisonous gas by falling off its perch, dead. Researchers have applied a similar principle to their development of a procedure for identifying and removing toxicants from estuarine and coastal waters, using highly sensitive algae as toxicity test subjects. The use of such ‘lower ...
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Characterisation of a bioassay using the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta associated with spectroscopic (visible and infrared) detection
This paper describes an ecotoxicological test using the alga Dunaliella tertiolecta associated with visible (VIS) and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic detection. The estimation of toxicity is performed by measuring the cell density at 432 nm instead of 665 nm the results are comparable with those obtained by conventional visual or automatic estimation of celle density. FTIR spectroscopy gives an ...
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Use of Daphnia spp. for the Ecotoxicological Assessment of Water Quality in an Agricultural Watershed in South-Central Chile
Because of the importance of surface waters from the Chillán River watershed (Chile) for recreation, agricultural irrigation, and the production of drinking water, local concern about river water quality has increased considerably during the last decade. Agricultural and forestry activities in the watershed, characterized by an intensive use of pesticides, are thought to play an important role in ...
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