water toxicity Articles
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Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: Relating fiber concentrations to toxicity—part I
Use of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers as a dose metric for toxicity testing was evaluated for hydrophobic pesticides to the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test compounds included p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'‐DDT), p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'‐DDD), p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'‐DDE), permethrin, bifenthrin, ...
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Comparison of Ukrainian Standard Methods and New Microbiotests for Water Toxicity Assessment
Abstract : The incorporation of new microbiotests in Ukrainian environmental legislation for toxicity assessment of natural and waste waters is of great practical interest. In order to determine the usefulness of some of these new microbiotests, comparative experiments have been carried out on the sensitivity of 2 Toxkit tests with the crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, ...
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Identification and Confirmation of Ammonia Toxicity in Contaminated Sediments using a Modified Toxicity Identification Evaluation Approach
Abstract: Toxicity identification of sediment pore waters from four sites in the upper Scheldt (Belgium) was assessed using a simplified and discriminative toxicity identification evaluation procedure. The samples from all locations exhibited acute toxicity toward the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. Toxicity was removed or considerably reduced by the cation exchange resins and air ...
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Toxicity Screening of Surface Waters in Southern Italy with Toxkit Microbiotests
Abstract : This preliminary study reports on the toxicity of surface waters collected twice in 1997 (once in late spring and once in late autumn) at 19 sampling stations in 5 areas (Domitian, Flegrean, Regi Lagni, Vesuvian and Coast area) in the Province of Naples in Italy. The acute toxicity of the surface waters was determined with a battery composed of 4 microbiotests : the Algaltoxkit ...
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Acute toxicity of pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin to Hyalella azteca
Fungicide application rates on row crop agriculture have increased across the United States, and subsequently, contamination of adjacent wetlands can occur through spray drift or field runoff. To investigate fungicide toxicity, Hyalella azteca amphipods were exposed to 2 fungicide formulations, Headline and Stratego, and their active strobilurin ingredients, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. ...
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Utility of the laser particle counter for determination of drinking-water toxicity
Particle toxicity in various water samples depends on the mixture of toxicants in each sample. Toxicity values for different samples can be expressed using the new metric: Particle Toxicity. Use of the Spectrex PC-2000 was the instrument of choice in enumerating the particle concentrations for the calculation of the particle toxicity of drinking-water and reference toxicant suspensions. ...
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Biotic Ligand Model of the Acute Toxicity of Metals, 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in Freshwater Fish and Daphnia
The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and ...
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Assessment of genotoxicity of landfill leachate by comet assay using golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum)
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of various inorganic and organic compounds. The possibility of using comet assay in relation to pollutant analysis for characterising genotoxicity of landfill leachate was studied. Golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) was used as the biomonitor with comet assay. Polluted water of fresh and old leachates in different gradients was employed in the experiments. ...
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Effect‐directed analysis of Elizabeth river pore water: Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
In the present study, we used effect‐directed analysis (EDA) to identify teratogenic compounds in pore water collected from a Superfund site along the Elizabeth River (ER) estuary (Virginia, USA). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the pore water show acute developmental toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis, presumably due to elevated sediment levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ...
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Toxicity assessment of oil field produced water treated by evaporative processes to produce water to irrigation
During the productive life of an oil well, a high quantity of produced water is extracted together with the oil, and it may achieve up to 99% in the end of the well's economical life. Desalination is one of mankind's earliest forms of saline water treatment, and nowadays, it is still a common process used throughout the world. A single-effect mechanical vapor compression (MVC) process was tested. ...
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Effects of triclosan on marine benthic and epibenthic organisms
Triclosan is an antimicrobial compound that has been widely used in consumer products such as toothpaste, deodorant, and shampoo. Because of its widespread use, triclosan has been detected in various environmental media, including wastewater, sewage sludge, surface waters, and sediments. Triclosan is acutely toxic to numerous aquatic organisms, but very few studies have been performed on ...
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Effects of silver nanoparticles to the freshwater snail Physa acuta: The role of test media and snails' life cycle stage
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are highly used worldwide, which will most likely lead to their release to the environment and subsequently increase environmental concentrations. Therefore studying AgNPs' deleterious effects to organisms is crucial to understand their environmental impacts. The freshwater snail Physa acuta was chosen to evaluate the potential deleterious effects of AgNP and ...
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Application of species sensitivity distribution in aquatic probabilistic ecological risk assessment of cypermethrin: A case study in an urban stream in South China
A tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) was applied to quantitatively refine the overall probabilistic risk of cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, to aquatic organisms. These results were then validated through the bioassays using field water from an urban stream, Chebei Creek in Guangzhou, South China. Seventeen water samples were collected along Chebei Creek for evaluation. In total, ...
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Need a swifter, safer way to mop up toxic waste? Blue goo may do.
Scouring radioactive waste usually means just that. Scrub with soap and water, pails and brushes. Repeat. If it sounds messy, it is—and dangerous too for those exposed to dust and contaminated wastewater. Hawaii-based CBI Polymers says it's come up with a better way to clean up nuclear waste. The firm's blue goo may not look high-tech; all you do is pour it. But as the superabsorbent goo ...
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The Use of Microbiotests for Assessing the Influence of the Dilution Medium Quality on the Acute Toxicity of Chemicals and Effluents
Abstract :The influence of the dilution medium quality on the ecotoxicological response of test organisms using microbiotests was studied. The toxicity of reference toxicants (potassium dichromate, zinc sulfate, phenol) and of a landfill leachate and a process water discharged from a metal finishing plant was assessed in various dilution media including standard test media, 3 mineral waters and ...
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Study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem
Water flea (Daphnia magna) and fish (Carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nNi(OH)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem. The 48, 72 and 96 h acute toxicities of water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 to the flea and the fish were tested, using the immobilization and the ...
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Newport Bay sediment toxicity studies
Untitled Document Newport Bay is an important southern California lagoon, with its upper and lower portions serving different uses. The ecological reserve in the upper bay protects one of the few remaining estuarine habitats in southern California for coastal wetlands wildlife and estuarine marine life. The developed lower bay is the focus of recreational boating and ...
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Application of Fenton oxidation to reduce the toxicity of mixed parabens
The aims of the present work were to assess the application of a chemical process to degrade a mixture of parabens and determine the influence of a natural river water matrix on toxicity. Model effluents containing either a single compound, namely methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, benzylparaben or p-hydroxybenzoic acid, or to mimic realistic conditions a mixture of the ...
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Nanosized titanium dioxide influences copper induced toxicity during aging as a function of environmental conditions
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) adsorb co‐occurring heavy metals in surface waters modulating their toxicity for freshwater invertebrates. The processes triggering this interaction may, however, be influenced by several environmental parameters, while their relative importance remains, unclear. Therefore, the present study assessed the implications of aging on the joint acute toxicity ...
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Characterising and identifying toxicants in marine waters: a review of marine toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs)
One impact of human activity is contamination of the world’s oceans with toxic pollutants. Marine toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) technology provides an approach for characterising and identifying the causes of toxicity in aqueous and sediment samples. This review describes the evolution and use of marine TIEs since their initial development approximately fifteen years ago. Currently, 30 ...
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