nuclear energy Articles
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Assessment of the effectiveness of an operational and regulatory system. (Radiation protection. Recommendations, 2005, of the World Council of Nuclear Workers)
Upon choosing a nuclear option and during the implementation or operation of the project, frequently two main questions are asked relevant to the effectiveness of both the project management and the operating organisation and the regulatory authority or system that is responsible for performing the regulatory functions necessary to assure the safety and security of the whole project and the ...
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Radioactive release from VVER-1000 reactors after a terror attack
One of the terror scenarios for nuclear power plants is a severe damage of the reactor containment caused by a plane crash or a missile. Owing to the loss of electric power the cooling of the core would not be maintained, leading to a core melt accident. Normally in the course of severe accidents an intact containment has the ability to retain a large part of the radioactive inventory. The goal ...
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Burn-up credit methodology validation in Bulgaria
A methodology for criticality safety analyses with burn-up credit application has been developed for the WWER spent fuel management facilities. This methodology is based on two worldwide-used code systems: SCALE 4.4 for depletion and criticality calculations and NESSEL-NUKO for depletion calculations. The methodology is in the process of extensive validation for WWER-440 and WWER-1000 spent fuel ...
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Experimental facilities for VVER thermal hydraulic research and code validation (COVERS)
The main objectives of the COVERS Task Group WP3B 'Experimental facilities and code validation' are as follows: description of all major experimental facilities modelling the Thermal Hydraulics (TH) of VVERs; identification of missing test data or experimental capabilities; discussion of shared use of the facilities; discussion of needs for further computer code validation; comparing analysis ...
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System of combined active and passive control of fissile materials and their nuclide composition in nuclear wastes
New methods of non-destructive control must be developed and existing ones must be improved in order to solve the problem of control of fissile materials (FMs) in vessels with nuclear wastes, and to provide safe operation of nuclear power plants. This paper considers the application of active methods of control on the basis of DD or DT pulsed neutron generators. These methods are more ...
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VVER safety research: the COVERS project
In the VVER operating countries, as in a number of European Union (EU) countries, the share of nuclear power in the total energy generation is significant. The safety and reliability of VVER operation is therefore not only the key requirement imposed for the prevention of possible radiological accidents, but is also dictated by economic aspects. The Co-ordination Action – 'VVER Safety Research' ...
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Verification of nuclear power plants safety systems
Although safety is and has always been the primary objective for the nuclear community, it happens that the established practices for verification of nuclear plants' safety systems fail to provide reliable knowledge. The traditional investigation techniques have proven to be insufficient in their attempts to solve the problems and to prevent new failures. In this paper, difficulties in performing ...
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Risk zoning in relation to risk of external events (application to IRIS design)
The design basis for any plant and site is closely related to the effects of any postulated external events and the limitation of the plant capability to cope with accidents, that is to perform safety functions. As a prime example of an advanced reactor and Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) with enhanced safety, the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) has been considered in this work. In ...
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A legal framework of financial liability of the nuclear power reactor industry in the field of waste management in Sweden and proposals for improvements
According to the nuclear legislation in Sweden, companies licensed to operate nuclear power plants have overall responsibility for safely managing all nuclear waste and to pay all expenses regarding final disposal. A committee was set up by the Government to explore the requirements in the present legislation, and if necessary, make proposals for improvements. The committee proposed that the ...
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Implementation of the results of the uncertainty analysis of the COSYMA package for zoning purposes
The EC and US probabilistic accident consequence codes, COSYMA and MACCS, respectively, estimate the risks and other endpoints associated with hypothetical accidents at nuclear installations. A joint project for an uncertainty analysis of these two codes used a rigorous expert judgement procedure with multiple experts. For all assessments, eight panels of six to ten experts were used. The ...
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Fault-tolerant power supply for safety significant nuclear instrumentation and control
Nuclear Instrumentation and Control (I&C) must address the issue of power supply differently from other commercial control systems. What is doable for commercial plants, such as a thermal power station, should not be applied for Nuclear Power Plant I&C. The hazards arising from power supply failure in nuclear power stations cannot be compared with other commercial systems. Therefore, the use of ...
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Water monitoring as a safety feature for nuclear desalination
It is widely accepted that the general safety approach for nuclear facilities is valid for a Nuclear Desalination Plant (NDP), thus IAEA standards and guides are applicable. The coupling of a NDP should be designed with the safety objective of ensuring that it results in no adverse effect on the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) safety. The first objective (provisions of barriers) is complied with by the ...
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Things to know about the federal government`s nuke dump
Valentine's Day 2014 was coming to a close. There were fewer than a dozen workers holding down the night shift at the federal government's nuclear waste repository in southern New Mexico. An alarm sounded inside the central monitoring room less than an hour before midnight. Somewhere in the underground salt caverns, radioactivity triggered the sensors. The ventilation system kicked in, forcing ...
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