chemical dispersion Articles
-
Toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
Tests of crude oil toxicity to fish are often chronic, exposing embryos from fertilization to hatch to oil solutions prepared using standard mixing procedures. However, during oil spills, fish are not often exposed for long periods and the dynamic nature of the ocean is not easily replicated in the lab. Our objective was to determine if brief exposures of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) ...
-
Chronic toxicity of heavy fuel oils to fish embryos using multiple exposure scenarios
The chronic toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos of heavy fuel oil (HFO) 6303, weathered HFO 6303, HFO 7102, and Medium South American (MESA) crude oil was assessed by different exposure regimes. These included water accommodated fractions (WAF: water in contact with floating oil), chemically‐enhanced WAF (CEWAF: oil dispersed with Corexit 9500), and effluent from columns of ...
-
Identification of compounds in heavy fuel oil that are chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos by effects‐driven chemical fractionation
This research isolated and identified compounds in heavy fuel oil 7102 (HFO 7102) that are bioavailable and chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An effects‐driven chemical fractionation combined the chemical separation of oil with toxicity testing and chemical analyses of each fraction to identify the major classes of compounds associated with embryo toxicity. ...
-
Issues and challenges with oil toxicity data and implications for their use in decision making: A quantitative review
Aquatic toxicity considerations are part of the net environmental benefit analysis and approval decision process on the use of dispersants in the event of an offshore oil spill. Substantial information is available on the acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed oil to a diverse subset of aquatic species generated under controlled laboratory conditions. However, most information ...
-
Environmental and human health risks of aerosolized silver nanoparticles
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining attention from the academic and regulatory communities, not only because of their antimicrobial effects and subsequent product applications, but also because of their potential health and environmental risks. Whereas AgNPs in the aqueous phase are under intensive study, those in the atmosphere have been largely overlooked, although it is well established ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you