nuclear power Articles
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Radiation protection in Germany: structures, regulations and the LNT debate
Relatively little information is available in English about the current situation in this field in the world's third largest economy, in which nuclear power remains the largest supplier of electricity. Therefore, a brief review is provided concerning the structure, fields of activity and assessment of the relative role and influence of different governmental and non-governmental organisations on ...
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50 years of radiation protection and nuclear power in Switzerland: a brief history
This article presents a short history of research in nuclear physics as well as of 50 years of nuclear power and radiation protection in Switzerland. After the International Conference 'Atoms for Peace' held in 1955 in Geneva the first research reactor was installed in Switzerland. A national environmental radioactivity monitoring programme was started in 1956. Today some 40% of the electricity ...
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Emergency zoning and PSA applications in Finland
In the siting of a nuclear power plant, the aim is to protect the plant against external threats as well as to minimise any environmental detriments and threats that might arise from the plant. Finnish regulations include Nuclear Legislation, Government Decisions (on Reactor safety, Emergency Preparedness, Physical Protection and Waste management and disposal) and YVL Guides issued by the ...
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Assessment of the effectiveness of an operational and regulatory system. (Radiation protection. Recommendations, 2005, of the World Council of Nuclear Workers)
Upon choosing a nuclear option and during the implementation or operation of the project, frequently two main questions are asked relevant to the effectiveness of both the project management and the operating organisation and the regulatory authority or system that is responsible for performing the regulatory functions necessary to assure the safety and security of the whole project and the ...
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Recent Improvements in Air Flow Calibration Reference Instruments
A key element in radiation protection programs at commercial nuclear power plants, nuclear research facilities, fuel fabrication plants and regulatory agency oversight programs of licensees is management's ability to validate the accuracy of the many air sampling instruments utilized in the facility's radiation protection air monitoring programs. The volume of air sampled in each sample event is ...
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Prospects of nuclear desalination in Morocco
In the last few years, Morocco has faced a continuous series of dry seasons, which has put a great stress on its limited water resources. Hence, for some time now Morocco has been considering desalinating seawater to supply fresh water to some areas. In the early 1980's, due to limited energy resources, Morocco was obliged to consider other alternatives to meet its energy demands. A feasibility ...
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Evaluation of Indian input to the international nuclear information system database
The study is aimed at analysing the INIS bibliographic records of publications in India during the period 2000-2008. The analysis includes the inputting trend, time-lag, contributing journals, country collaboration, content analysis through the classification and keywords. India has a total number of 14,697 records input to the database with an yearly average of 1631 records. The timeliness of ...
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The Euratom Community Treaty's prospects at the start of the new millennium
Which aspects of the Euratom Treaty might require reform in order to answer the challenges of the new Millennium? A call is made for the integration of the Euratom Treaty into a comprehensive European Union Treaty or Constitution encompassing all EU activities, making the promotion of nuclear technology a matter of enhanced cooperation, while preserving uniform radiation protection and safeguards ...
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The assessment of the absorbed dose of radiation around a nuclear fuel manufacturing plant
The estimation of the absorbed dose of radiation by the public around a nuclear plant is a substantial issue for nuclear industries and serves as an essential factor in radiation protection. In this study, the absorbed dose of radiation by the individuals living around a nuclear fuel manufacturing plant was calculated. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) code, which is the generalised version of ...
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Ethological studies in Swiss albino mice with special reference to the histology of the cerebellar tissue after an acute as well as a continuous low–dose tritiated water (HTO) exposure
Health and environmental impact of tritium released from fusion reactor technology may end up as a worldwide problem in the final analysis. Pregnant Swiss albino mice were irradiated with 11.1 kBq ml−1 tritiated drinking water. The young ones born to them were maintained on tritiated water (HTO) at the same dose level and in adulthood, when tested in a maze showed an apparent increased learned ...
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Health monitoring of persons occupationally exposed to ionising radiation in Bulgaria
This paper describes changes in Bulgarian legislation concerning the health monitoring of occupationally exposed individuals to ensure the radiation safety and protection of radiation workers. The expert view on the implementation of health monitoring programmes to different occupational groups and assessment of health risk, including molecular-epidemiological analyses, is given. Special ...
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Regulatory low dose limits: from science to political correctness?
The setting of regulatory low dose limits has become a topic of central importance for further radiation uses because of its close relationship to: the public acceptance of nuclear power as a safe, inexpensive, reliable, ecologically beneficial, and climatically neutral source of electricity; the use of various highly beneficial medical, industrial and research applications; and the exploding ...
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New regulations for release in Germany: a chance for minimisation of radioactive waste and reduction of costs
The EURATOM Basic Safety Standards provided the occasion to establish comprehensive clearance regulations in German law. The new German Radiation Protection Ordinance contains detailed regulations regarding clearance of radioactive substances with negligible radioactivity from practices subject to authorisation. For about 300 radionuclides, there are mass- and surface-specific clearance levels ...
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Nuclear education and training in response to industry and regulatory needs through the European Nuclear Education Network Association
The temporary network established through the European Community's (EC) Fifth Framework Programme (FP) was given a more permanent character by the foundation of the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) Association, a nonprofit association established according to the French law of 1901, which pursues a pedagogic and scientific aim. Its objectives are the preservation and development of ...
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Overview of regulatory control for radioactive sources and nuclear materials for peaceful applications of nuclear technology
With an increase in the use of nuclear energy, radiation and radioactive substances, it is essential to invigorate, reinforce and enhance the effectiveness of the elements of national radiation protection and safety infrastructure. This also includes the addition of feasible and affordable ways and means to the national safety infrastructure with subsequent strengthening in the future. In order ...
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The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre and the possibilities for cooperation with China
This paper gives a short overview of the activities of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK?CEN) and the role it can play in the cooperative agreement that was established between the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and SCK?CEN. Indeed, the current established cooperation on nuclear energy research between China and Belgium should make use of the nuclear research experiences and ...
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Open questions regarding implications of radioadaptive response in the estimation of the risks of low-level exposures in nuclear workers
Substantial data indicate that increased levels of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes can be used to predict cancer risk in humans. One may conclude that a dose of ionising radiation sufficient to produce a certain level of cell damage increases production of antioxidants and repair enzymes that decrease either the frequency of chromosome aberrations or the cancer risk. People in some areas of ...
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Questions and answers on the amended Nuclear Safety Directive
What is new in the directive? The amended Nuclear Safety Directive strengthens the nuclear safety framework of the EU. The amendment reinforces the provisions of the existing directive. It: strengthens the role and independence of national regulatory authorities; introduces a high-level EU-wide safety objective, emphasizing accident prevention and the avoidance of significant ...
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