nuclear power safety Articles
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The Egyptian experience on nuclear and radiation legislations
Nuclear legislations provide an adequate legal basis for pursuing the economic and social benefits of nuclear energy and ionising radiation. Recently, several countries have begun to adapt existing legislations in order to reach a comprehensive and unified law covering safety, security, safeguards and liability. This work focuses on nuclear legislations in several countries concerning nuclear ...
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Impact of organisation and management on complex technological systems safety: the nuclear lessons
In complex technological systems, safety is of paramount importance. In recent years, human and management factors have been recognised as frequent root causes of major failures in such modern technologies. We try to summarise a state-of-the-art regarding the analysis of the impact of organisational and managerial aspects on the safety of nuclear power plants including the contributions of the ...
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Tectonic processes development with time in the areas of HLW disposal from expert assessment to prognosis
A methodical approach is given which is applied to prediction of the persistence of the natural isolation properties of the geological environment for a time period of 104–105 years, when disposing of radioactive waste in geological formations. It is based on modelling geodynamic and tectonic processes development with time and assessing their effects on the persistence of structural tectonic ...
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The assessment of the environmental and public impact of the on-shore storage facility for dispositioned N/SM reactor compartments in the North-West region of Russia
This paper deals with the environmental and public impact of radiation factors of the land-based storage facility being designed for dispositioned N/SM reactor compartments in the Russian North-West region. The capacity is sized to accommodate reactor compartments of all the Russian North Navy N/SM after their disposition. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the creation of this ...
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Media reporting and changes in public opinion after Fukushima nuclear accident: Belgium as case study
This study examines the Belgian press coverage related to the Fukushima nuclear accident and investigates the changes in the public opinion related to nuclear energy. Two research methodologies were applied. The first method conducted was a content analysis of two quality newspapers in Belgium, covering the first two months after the accident. The second method was a public opinion survey, based ...
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50 years of radiation protection and nuclear power in Switzerland: a brief history
This article presents a short history of research in nuclear physics as well as of 50 years of nuclear power and radiation protection in Switzerland. After the International Conference 'Atoms for Peace' held in 1955 in Geneva the first research reactor was installed in Switzerland. A national environmental radioactivity monitoring programme was started in 1956. Today some 40% of the electricity ...
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Verification of nuclear power plants safety systems
Although safety is and has always been the primary objective for the nuclear community, it happens that the established practices for verification of nuclear plants' safety systems fail to provide reliable knowledge. The traditional investigation techniques have proven to be insufficient in their attempts to solve the problems and to prevent new failures. In this paper, difficulties in performing ...
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Assessment of the effectiveness of an operational and regulatory system. (Radiation protection. Recommendations, 2005, of the World Council of Nuclear Workers)
Upon choosing a nuclear option and during the implementation or operation of the project, frequently two main questions are asked relevant to the effectiveness of both the project management and the operating organisation and the regulatory authority or system that is responsible for performing the regulatory functions necessary to assure the safety and security of the whole project and the ...
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The Euratom Community Treaty's prospects at the start of the new millennium
Which aspects of the Euratom Treaty might require reform in order to answer the challenges of the new Millennium? A call is made for the integration of the Euratom Treaty into a comprehensive European Union Treaty or Constitution encompassing all EU activities, making the promotion of nuclear technology a matter of enhanced cooperation, while preserving uniform radiation protection and safeguards ...
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Development of the RAW and SNF handling system in the Federal Atomic Energy Agency and in the Russian Federation
The experience the Russian Federation has gained over the period longer than half a century in handling radioactive wastes (RAW), including their burial in geological formations, is quite unique. These guidelines state the necessity of establishing an integrated state RAW and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) handling system, ensuring safe, effective, efficient, and socially-acceptable development of ...
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Evaluation of uncertainties in system thermal-hydraulic calculations and key applications by the CIAU method
The evaluation of uncertainty is a necessary supplement to Best Estimate (BE) calculations that are performed to understand accident scenarios in water-cooled nuclear reactors. The need comes from the imperfection of computational tools, on the one side, and from the interest in using such a tool to get more precise evaluation of safety margins, on the other. In the present paper, the approaches ...
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Principal provisions of engineering and geological survey methodology in designing and construction of underground laboratory as a part of facility of RW underground isolation
The most critical moment is the choice of a site for radioactive waste geological repository. Here the role of engineering and geological prospecting as a basis for the construction of a facility for underground isolation appears especially important; it is followed by finding a suitable area and subsequent allocation of the site and facility construction sites. The decision on the selection of ...
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Development of the technology for localisation and isolation from biosphere of outdoor liquid radwaste storage basins
The approaches were proposed for localisation and isolation of outdoor liquid radwaste storage basins from the biosphere. The lab research findings showed immobilisation of radioactive sludges into a compound and drying-up of liquid phase using porous vitrocrystalline forms (VCF) using as example actual solid and liquid phases from the MCC's storage basins. The effectiveness of the radionuclide ...
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System of combined active and passive control of fissile materials and their nuclide composition in nuclear wastes
New methods of non-destructive control must be developed and existing ones must be improved in order to solve the problem of control of fissile materials (FMs) in vessels with nuclear wastes, and to provide safe operation of nuclear power plants. This paper considers the application of active methods of control on the basis of DD or DT pulsed neutron generators. These methods are more ...
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Design aspects of safety critical instrumentation of nuclear installations
Safety critical instrumentation systems ensure safe shutdown/configuration of the nuclear installation when process status exceeds the safety threshold limits. Design requirements for safety critical instrumentation such as functional and electrical independence, fail-safe design, and architecture to ensure the specified unsafe failure rate and safe failure rate, human machine interface (HMI), ...
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A legal framework of financial liability of the nuclear power reactor industry in the field of waste management in Sweden and proposals for improvements
According to the nuclear legislation in Sweden, companies licensed to operate nuclear power plants have overall responsibility for safely managing all nuclear waste and to pay all expenses regarding final disposal. A committee was set up by the Government to explore the requirements in the present legislation, and if necessary, make proposals for improvements. The committee proposed that the ...
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Development of technology for high-level radwaste treatment to ceramic matrix by method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
For the purpose of reduction of the risk of spread of transuranic actinides, carbon-14 and other radionuclides contained in the NPP HLW, the Rosenergoatom concern decided to develop a technology of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) to obtain a ceramic matrix suitable for long-term and ecologically safe deep geological disposal of the high-level radwaste of the nuclear industry. ...
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Calculations of external irradiation from radioactive plume in the early stage of a nuclear accident
A mathematical method for real–time calculations of cloudshine doses/dose rates used for purposes of online assimilation of model predictions with observations incoming from terrain is proposed. Model predictions of cloudshine doses have to be calculated simultaneously in an array of positions located on terrain around a nuclear facility. A modification of the classical straight–line Gaussian ...
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Radioactive waste management experience of Moscow SIA 'Radon'
Vitrification and cementation are used for conditioning liquid radioactive waste (LRW) at SIA 'Radon'. More than 2000 m³ of LRW are treated on the vitrification plant and 100,000 m³ of LRW on cementation plants. For clearing LRW are used the filtration, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis, selective sorption, ion exchange, and oxidation. For treatment NPP bottom concentrates the technology of ...
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Radioactive waste management technologies used in rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated facilities and areas at the RRC 'Kurchatov Institute' site
Activities on rehabilitation of eleven temporary radwaste repositories are currently underway at the RRC 'Kurchatov Institute'. Technologies used for exploratory drilling of repositories, their radiation survey, cleaning fill-up soil from the repository ceilings and opening the ceilings, RW extraction, sorting and packing in containers are presented. The radiation situation at the repository site ...
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