toxic metal Articles
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Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of three modeling approaches
Modeling toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges to incorporate bioavailability and metal speciation in metal exposures. Three models (models I, II, and III) were compared in the present study to predict and interpret the toxicity exerted by binary‐metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae, with the assumptions of competitions between metals based on BLM and toxic potencies of individual ...
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Potential Groundwater Contamination with Toxic Metals in and Around an Abandoned Zn Mine, Korea
This study evaluated potential groundwater contamination with toxic metals in and around an abandoned zinc mine in Korea. Water levels in the mine waste dump indicated occurrence of a losing stream during the period of peak stream flow as a result of snowmelt runoff, which posed the threat of groundwater pollution. The pH values for the groundwaters were near neutral to slightly basic, with a ...
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Development and application of a multi‐metal multi‐biotic ligand model for assessing aquatic toxicity of metal mixtures
A multi‐metal, multi‐binding‐site version of the biotic ligand model (mBLM) has been developed for predicting and explaining the bioavailability and toxicity of mixtures of metals to aquatic organisms. The mBLM was constructed by combining information from single‐metal BLMs to preserve compatibility between the single‐metal and multiple‐metal approaches. The toxicities from individual metals ...
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Biotic ligand modelling approach: Synthesis of the effect of major cations on the toxicity of metals to soil and aquatic organisms
The biotic ligand model (BLM) approach is used to assess metal toxicity, taking into account the competition of other cations with the free metal ions for binding to the biotic ligand sites of aquatic and soil organisms. The bioavailable fraction of metals, represented by the free metal ion, is a better measure than the total concentration for assessing their potential risk to the environment. ...
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Movement of toxic metals from small-scale industrial areas: a case study from Delhi, India
In India, an estimated 70% of the total industrial pollution load is attributed to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Among SMEs, small-scale industries continue to use obsolete technologies with no stringent rules for pollution control. Consequently, waste generated from them is generally dumped without treatment. These facts are strengthened from the analysis conducted on solid waste and ...
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Metal mixtures modeling evaluation: 1. Background
Despite more than five decades of aquatic toxicity tests conducted with metal mixtures, there is still a need to understand how metals interact in mixtures and to predict their toxicity more accurately than currently is done. This paper provides a background for understanding the terminology, regulatory framework, qualitative and quantitative concepts, experimental approaches, and ...
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Assessment of toxic metals in water and sediment of Pasur River in Bangladesh
This study was conducted to assess the levels of toxic metals like arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in water and sediments of the Pasur River in Bangladesh. The ranges of Cr, As, Cd, Pb in water were 25.76–77.39, 2.76–16.73, 0.42–2.98 and 12.69–42.67 μg/L and in sediments were 20.67–83.70, 3.15–19.97, 0.39–3.17 and 7.34–55.32 mg/kg. The level of studied metals in water ...
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Modeling and interpreting biological effects of mixtures in the environment: Introduction to the metal mixture modeling evaluation project
The fate and biological effects of chemical mixtures in the environment are receiving increased attention from the scientific and regulatory communities. Understanding the behavior and toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges for incorporating metal‐specific concepts and approaches, such as bioavailability and metal speciation, in multiple‐metal exposures. To avoid the use of ...
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Identifying the causes of sediment‐associated toxicity in urban waterways in South China: Incorporating bioavailabillity‐based measearuments into whole‐sediment toxicity identification evaluation
Sediments in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China were contaminated by a variety of chemicals and showed prevalent toxicity to benthic organisms. A combination of whole‐sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedure and bioavailability‐based extraction approaches were used to identify the causes of sediment toxicity. Four of the six sediment samples collected caused 100% mortality ...
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Heavy metals, PAHs and toxicity in stormwater wet detention ponds
Concentrations of 6 different heavy metals and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in stormwater runoff and in the pond water of two Danish wet detention ponds. The pond water samples were analyzed for toxic effects, using the algae Selenastrum capricornutum as a test organism. Stormwater and pond water from a catchment with light industry showed high levels of heavy ...
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Ultrapure Water for Determination of Toxic Elements in Environmental Analyses
Abstract In this paper the importance of reagent water quality for toxic element environmental analyses is discussed, and the suitability of fresh ultrapure water produced using Merck water purification systems for ICP-OES and ICP-MS trace element analyses in environmental laboratories is demonstrated. Key words or phrases Trace elements, metals, toxic elements, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, contamination, ...
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How are trace elements mobilized during the postweaning fast in northern elephant seals?
Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups undergo a substantial intertissue reorganization of protein, minerals, and other cellular components during their postweaning development, which might entail the mobilization of associated contaminants.The authors investigated the changes in concentrations of 11 elements (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) in a longitudinal study ...
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Acute toxicity of binary‐metal mixtures of copper, zinc, and nickel to Pimephales promelas: Evidence of more‐than‐additive effect
Metal mixture toxicity has been studied for decades. However, the results are not consistent, thus making it difficult for ecological risk assessment and regulation purposes. The objective of the present study was to use a systematic experimental design to characterize the toxicity of binary‐metal mixture of Cu, Zn, and Ni to Pimephales promelas, typically to determine if the effect of these ...
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On-line measurements of flue gas concentrations of cadmium and lead in a co-combustion in a fluidized bed boiler
ABSTRACT The operation of a new on-line toxic metal analyser was demonstrated in connection to a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed boiler during co-combustion tests of biomass and waste fuels. The analyser comprises a novel continuous sampling device combined with DC-plasma excited atomic absorption spectroscopy and Zeeman background correction. A continuous sample gas flow is extracted from a ...
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Determination of toxic heavy metals in sea water by FAAS after preconcentration with a novel chelating resin
A solid phase extraction procedure was developed for preconcentration of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, lead and zinc in sea water samples. A microcolumn packed with 6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,3-diol-formaldehyde (HPDN-F) resin acts as a sorbent to retain the analyte ions by forming metal chelates. The retained trace level metal was subsequently ...
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Cadmium accumulation and toxicity in the unicellular alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: Influence of metal‐binding exudates and exposure time
Predicting metal availability and toxicity for chronic (several hours or days) metal exposure scenarios, even for unicellular algae, is a major challenge to existing toxicity models. This is because several factors affecting metal uptake/toxicity, such as the release of metalbinding exudates, changes in the kinetics of metal uptake/toxicity over time and algal physiological acclimation to ...
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Electric arc furnace flue dust: characterisation and toxicity with Photobacterium phosphoreum
During steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs), 10 to 15 kg of dust, consisting of a mixture of zinc, lead and iron oxides and to a lesser degree chrome, nickel and manganese, is generated per ton of steel product. In many countries, the disposal of EAF dust in landfill sites is regarded as an environmental hazard, since toxic metals may be leached into drinking water supplies. This work ...
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Toxicity assessment of free form of heavy metals in aqueous media on earthworm
Eudrillus eugeniae Metals are found in free and also in combined forms. In order to get information on the effect of free forms of heavy metals on earthworms the aqueous extracts of metals were tested on earthworms both in individual form and also in combined form. Different concentrations, i.e. 1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm, were selected arbitrarily and were used in the experiments. Metals like copper, cadmium, ...
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Unexpected toxicity to aquatic organisms of some aqueous bisphenol A samples treated by advanced oxidation processes
In this study, photocatalytic and catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) processes were used to examine removal efficiency of bisphenol A from aqueous samples over several titanate nanotube-based catalysts. Unexpected toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) samples treated by means of the CWAO process to some tested species was determined. In addition, the CWAO effluent was recycled five- or 10-fold in order ...
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Mixture toxicity of nickel and zinc to Daphnia magna is non‐interactive at low effect sizes, but becomes synergistic at high effect sizes
To incorporate metal mixture toxicity effects into risk assessment procedures, more information is needed about combined and interactive effects of metal mixtures during chronic exposure. Here, the authors investigated the toxicity of binary Ni‐Zn mixtures in two independent full‐factorial experiments using standard chronic (21‐day) Daphnia magna reproduction toxicity tests. Global statistical ...
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