air quality modeling Articles
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Environmental impact assessment of air quality in street canyons related to council directives 1999/30/EC and 2000/69/EC
Council directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management requires the development of action plans for zones where concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed limit values. The directive also recognises air quality models as assessment tools. We discuss the application of an integrated air quality model, Air quality modelling in Urban Regions using an Optimal Resolution ...
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Methodology for a comparative evaluation of two air-quality models
This paper presents a methodology for conducting an objective comparative evaluation of two air-quality models using several datasets. This methodology is designed to be simple to implement and understand, to reliably discern improvement in performance, and to accommodate the use of datasets from a variety of field studies of varying quality. The reliability of the comparison is enhanced by the ...
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The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project
The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the COPERT methodology. The comparison also reveals the ...
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Analysis of local concentration gradients in complex built environments: implications for Air Quality Management Areas
This paper reviews the existing guidance on placement of permanent air quality monitoring stations within urban areas and suggests the principles for a new, performance-based guidance. An integrated air quality model has been developed and validated for the designated Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) located in Glasgow City Centre to analyse the importance of local concentration gradients on ...
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Air quality modelling as a supplementary assessment method in the framework of the European Air Quality Directive
According to the European Air Quality (AQ) Directive, member states must annually report their AQ to the European Commission (EC). This report can be based on modelling data if the concentration levels do not exceed the established lower assessment thresholds (LAT), or on combined data from modelling and monitoring systems (supplementary assessment methods) if concentrations levels are below the ...
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An air quality modelling system for a medium-sized town: a case study in Estonia
The air pollution modelling system used in Tartu (population 101,000) is aimed at examining the pollution levels in different meteorological conditions, and determining optimal traffic schemes and strategic development plans for the city. The system consists of: (i) a Gaussian plume model AEROPOL, and (ii) a database on sources of NOx2Keywords: AEROPOL model, air pollution modelling, air ...
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Combination of measured and modelling data in air quality assessment in Spain
This paper describes a methodology to combine measurements from air quality stations and estimates from the CHIMERE model for air quality assessment in Spain. The methodology consists of using linear regression and kriging interpolation to correct the model results, improving the fit to the observations. It was separately applied to rural and urban conditions, giving rise to maps for each case, ...
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A GIS based air quality system for the Apulia region, southern Italy
A GIS based air quality modelling system has been developed in Apulia region in the Southern Italy, to support local authorities in air quality management. Meteorological and dispersion simulations were performed for the year 2005. Predictions have been compared with concentration data from the air quality monitoring network. Results evidence a good correlation between predictions and ...
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Air quality assessment in the EU: room for improvement?
Different modelling approaches are used to design and assess air quality plans across Europe. This study assessed the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches. The researchers conclude that a large variety of models is in use, without a preferred or standard model having emerged yet. They identify integrating local-scale and large-scale models and verifying models with measurements ...
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Parametric study of the dispersion aspects in a street-canyon area
Most modern cities practically consist of street canyons, making monitoring of the level of their pollution an important issue. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of pollutant dispersion was performed for a real, complex-geometry street canyon for various wind directions and speeds. Typical street-canyon effects – like the formation of a longitudinal vortex for wind ...
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Effect of roughness inhomogeneities on the development of the urban boundary layer
Wind tunnel measurements over a regular array of cubes were carried out to investigate the influence of surface inhomogeneities on the development of the urban boundary layer. Two idealised cases were investigated. The first one was in terms of a strong step change in roughness from very smooth to very rough with a low turbulent approach flow and a thin approach boundary layer. For this case it ...
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Studies of air quality predictors based on neural networks
In recent years, urban air pollution has emerged as an acute problem because of its negative effect on health and living conditions. Regional air quality problems, in general, are linked to violations of specified air quality standards. The current study aims to find neural network based air quality predictors, which can work with a limited number of datasets and are robust enough to handle data ...
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Comparison of health and environmental impacts from electricity generation systems
Health and environmental impacts from fossil, renewable and nuclear electricity generation are estimated following a detailed bottom-up impact pathway analysis. By using a set of harmonised air quality and dose-effect models, a methodological framework has been established and consistently applied across different fuel chains, including the analysis of consequences from beyond design nuclear ...
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Evaluation of AirGIS: a GIS–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system
This study describes in brief the latest extensions of the Danish Geographic Information System (GIS)–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system (AirGIS), which has been developed in Denmark since 2001 and gives results of an evaluation with measured air pollution data. The system shows, in general, a good performance for both long–term averages (annual and monthly averages), ...
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Predicting air quality in Uberlandia, Brazil, using linear models and Neural Networks
Particulate air pollution causes a wide range of effects on human health, including disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, asthma and can cause mortality. Hence, the development of an efficient air quality forecasting and early warning system is an obvious and imperative need. The objective of this work was to investigate this forecasting possibility using linear models (such as ...
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Field measurements within a quarter of a city including a street canyon to produce a validation data set
Air pollutants and meteorological parameters were measured continuously by in situ instruments, path-averaging techniques (up to three DOAS systems), and SODAR inside a street canyon and in the surrounding area of 1 km x 1 km (Gottinger Strasse in Hanover, Germany) from 2001 until 2003 which are available in the data bank ValiData for validation of microscale models. During three IOPs tracer ...
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A Test Reference Year (TRY) approach to gas dispersion in the atmosphere
For environmental analysis such as the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, it is essential to have meteorological data that are relevant for a long period. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using an environmental Test Reference Year (TRY), i.e., a set of real, contemporaneous and hourly meteorological variables, 'extracted' from a hourly series of at least 10 years, for ...
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Fireworks air pollution in Slovenia
Over the 'Christmas–New Year' period 12/2010–01/2011, PM10 air pollution measurements on most of the automatic measuring stations in Slovenia reached extreme values of up to 300 µg/m³. Analysis shows a very close correlation with the timings of the fireworks displays in the areas. This paper shows the other side of this cultural enjoyment - the effect on PM10 air pollution. As the correlation ...
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Evaluation of dispersion models for an urban environment: an example from Stockholm, Sweden
An air quality management system has been in operational use in the city of Stockholm, Sweden, for several years. In the system there are, in addition to databases for measurements of air pollution and meteorological parameters and emission data, several dispersion models. The models include a Gaussian and a Eulerian (grid) type of dispersion model. An evaluation of the Gaussian and the grid ...
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IFDM modelling for optimal siting of air quality monitoring stations around five oil refineries
An IFDM modelling study has been conducted to determine the optimal siting of air quality monitoring stations around five oil refineries. The purpose of this immission monitoring network is specified in environmental legislation. The most appropriate output parameter of the IFDM model for this study is the 98th percentile of the moving 24 h averages, P98,m24h. Modelling for the optimal siting of ...
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