hydrology Articles
-
A Canadian viewpoint on data, information and uncertainty in the context of prediction in ungauged basins
The quality (i.e. the degree of uncertainty that results from the interpretation and analysis) of information dictates its value for decision making. There has been much progress towards improving information on the water budgets of ungauged basins by improving knowledge, tools and techniques during the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) initiative. These improvements, at least in Canada, have ...
-
Downscaling technique to estimate hydrologic vulnerability to climate change: an application to the Conchos River Basin, Mexico
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that vulnerability to climate change depends on three main factors: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Each factor was evaluated in a hydrologic context, for instance exposure was interpreted as a change in surface runoff. Factors were combined using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and an overall methodology to map ...
-
Synthesis of incoming shortwave radiation for hydrological simulation
Over the past decade, measurements of incoming shortwave radiation and of its proxy, daily bright sunshine hours, have become scarce in western Canada and elsewhere. As these data are critical for computing net radiation for snowmelt, evaporation, soil thaw and other components of the hydrological cycle, other means to estimate incoming shortwave radiation are needed. National Centers for ...
-
Dynamical downscaling of precipitation in Iceland 1961–2006
Atmospheric flow over Iceland has been simulated for the period January 1961 to July 2006, using the mesoscale MM5 model driven by initial and boundary data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Firstly, the simulated precipitation is compared to estimates derived from mass balance measurements on the Icelandic ice caps. It is found that the simulated precipitation ...
-
Potential natural vegetation dynamics driven by future long-term climate change and its hydrological impacts in the Hanjiang River basin, China
Vegetation and land-surface hydrology are intrinsically linked under long-term climate change. This paper aims to evaluate the dynamics of potential natural vegetation arising from 21st century climate change and its possible impact on the water budget of the Hanjiang River basin in China. Based on predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios ...
-
A reflection on the long-term water balance of the Upper Indus Basin
Rapid glacier retreats due to rising temperatures have been predicted in the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKKH). Recent findings indicate shrinking glaciers in parts of the Himalayas, affecting ice storage and ultimately water availability. Insights on ice storage of the HKKH remain controversial, where glaciers retreat in some parts, while surging in others. In high-altitude ...
-
Implementation of a two-way coupled atmospheric-hydrological system for environmental modeling at regional scale
This work describes the two-way coupling performed between the regional atmospheric model Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) and the hydrological model MGB-IPH. As a first step of the atmosphere-hydrology coupling, only the water balance variables were coupled. Differences in temporal and spatial scales between MGH-IPH and BRAMS were analyzed. By default, MGB-IPH has a daily ...
-
El Niño/La Niña Update: Current Situation and outlook
Despite warming of the Tropical Pacific Ocean up until June, the overlaying atmosphere largely failed to respond. As a result, ocean temperature anomalies along the equator have decreased over the past two months. Changes in the wind patterns in early-August brought some weak re-warming, but winds have now returned to near normal in the western Pacific, while the pattern of cloudiness has ...
-
Long-term variation of water vapor content and precipitation in the Haihe river basin
Based on the Haihe river basin National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data from 1948 to 2010 and the precipitation data of 53 hydrological stations during 1957–2010, this study analyzed the variation of water vapor content and precipitation, and investigated the correlation between them using several statistical methods. The ...
-
Improving surface-based precipitation phase determination through air mass boundary identification
Most hydrological models apply one empirical formula based on surface air temperature for precipitation phase determination. This approach is flawed as surface precipitation phase results from energy exchanges between falling precipitation and air in the lower atmosphere. Different lower atmospheric conditions cause different precipitation phase probabilities for near-freezing temperatures. Often ...
-
Considering ecological formulations for estimating deposition velocity in air quality models
A dry deposition modelling approach that includes surface feedback through photosynthesis relationships was recently developed. A canopy photosynthesis model is dynamically coupled to an atmospheric model with prognostic soil hydrology and surface energy balance. The effective surface resistance is calculated for a realistic and fully interactive estimation of gaseous deposition velocity (Vd). ...
-
An appropriate general circulation model (GCM) to investigate climate change impact
There is a wide agreement in the international scientific society that climate change will modify climatic variables. Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) is an appropriate model to produce climatic scenarios. The first step to climate change studies is currently using the most appropriate AOGCM output. In this study, AOGCM's for a time period of 1961-1990 in Shahrekord synoptic ...
-
Calculation of the far range atmospheric transport of radionuclides after the Fukushima accident with the atmospheric dispersion model MATCH of the JRODOS system
The paper presents estimates of the far-range atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), obtained using the long-range atmospheric dispersion model MATCH. Software tools were developed to run MATCH in the EU nuclear emergency response system JRODOS using freely available numerical weather prediction (NWP) data of the Global ...
-
Spatial and temporal patterns of remotely-sensed and field-measured rainfall in southern California
Quantification of spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall is an important step toward developing regional hydrological models. However, traditionally used rain gauge data are sparse and do not always provide adequate spatial representation of rainfall. In this study, we evaluated the daily 1-degree resolution remotely-sensed atmospheric precipitation data provided by Global Precipitation ...
-
Climate change and watershed mercury export: A multiple projection and model analysis
Future shifts in climatic conditions may impact watershed mercury (Hg) dynamics and transport. We apply an ensemble of watershed models to simulate and evaluate the responses of hydrological and total Hg (HgT) fluxes from the landscape to the watershed outlet and in‐stream HgT concentrations to two contrasting climate change projections for a watershed in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the ...
-
An exciting and eventful year is drawing to a close
Best wishes for the holiday season We would like to thank our customers, suppliers and partners for their confidence in our products and your loyalty in 2018. We send everyone best wishes for the holiday season and wish a Happy and Healthy New Year. Our review 2018 A lot has happened at OTT this year: With the integration of the sensor technology manufacturer Kipp & Zonen, the OTT ...
-
Project - Sice / Chebro - Level detection at river gauge stations
CUSTOMER: SICE USER: Ebro Hydrographic Confederation (Spain) LOCATION: Ebro river basin ENVIRONMENT: Countryside YEAR: 2017 The system integrator SICE engineering, which installs and maintains the Automatic Hydrological Information System (SAIH) of the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation with more than 900 RTU (Remote Terminal Units) and a remote control SCADA, needed to monitor continuously ...
-
Global water estimates `uncertain`
Great uncertainty exists regarding estimates of the global water budget (the amount of water involved in the hydrological cycle every year) because of discrepancies between global atmosphere and ocean models, and direct observations, a study has found. Furthermore, these uncertainties may worsen as the number of water measurement stations around the world decrease — providing fewer ...
By SciDev.Net
-
How Frozen is Your Foundation? Risk Mitigation in Arctic Construction
Permafrost is a common thread among soils in northern climates. Permafrost soils fluctuate seasonally as the active layer, a roughly 1 meter thick section at the ground surface thaws each summer, creating dynamic hydrologic and thermal conditions. From the fall months through spring, the active layer freezes once again, creating a continuous depth of frozen soil, which in some locations ...
-
Patterns and Interpretation of Mercury Exposure in Freshwater Avian Communities in Northeastern North America
A large data set of over 4,700 records of avian mercury (Hg) levels in northeastern North America was compiled and evaluated. As Hg emissions remain poorly regulated in the United States and Canada, atmospheric deposition patterns and associated ecological responses continue to elicit interest by landscape managers, conservation biologists, policy makers, and the general public. How avian Hg ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you