Showing results for: pollution emissions Articles
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Relationship between trace elemental composition in Fraxinus pennsylvanica bark and the incidence of some respiratory diseases in Cordoba, Argentina
In order to evaluate the use of Fraxinus pennsylvanica as a biomonitor of trace elements and to investigate their relationship with the incidence of some respiratory diseases in children, bark samples of F. pennsylvanica were collected at ten sampling sites near healthcare centres in Cordoba city, Argentina, and analysed by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence with synchrotron radiation. Factor ...
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Assessment of riverine load of contaminants to European seas under policy implementation scenarios: An example with three pilot substances
An evaluation of conventional emission scenarios is carried out targeting a possible impact of EU policies on riverine loads to the European seas for three pilot pollutants: Lindane, Trifluralin and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The policy scenarios are investigated to the time horizon of year 2020 starting from chemical specific reference conditions and considering different types of ...
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Real-world and type-approval emission evolution of passenger cars
The investigation of several passenger car generations with gasoline engines shows that the emissions depend very strongly on the driving cycle. Official type approval cycles allow just very inaccurate predications about their real-world emissions. The measured gasoline vehicles have up to factor 11 higher real-life emissions than in type approval cycles. However, a clear reduction of real-world ...
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Nigeria’s Emerging Emission Reduction Regulations: Local Industry Implementation and Implications
Nigeria, as Africa’s largest economy and most populous country, faces significant challenges regarding environmental pollution and emissions. In recent years, the Nigerian government has taken steps to address these issues by introducing emission reduction regulations aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of industrial activities on public health and the environment. This article explores ...
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Conditional eco-efficiency measure from the perspective of pollution emission firms
This paper proposes a conditional eco-efficiency measure with constraints to profit and pollution goals from the perspective of pollution emission firms. The measure is obtained not only by comparing the relative performance to other decision-making units (DMUs), but also by comparing the existing level relative to expected profit and pollution goals. We use the proposed measure to appraise the ...
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EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook — 2009
The EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook (formerly referred to as the EMEP CORINAIR Guidebook) provides guidance on estimating emissions from both anthropogenic and natural emission sources. It is designed to facilitate reporting of emission inventories by countries to the UNECE LRTAP Convention and the EU NEC Directive. The Guidebook is prepared by the UNECE/EMEP Task Force on ...
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Global energy accumulation and net heat emission
The increase in the global air temperature is an inadequate measure of global warming, which should rather be considered in terms of energy. The ongoing global warming means that heat has been accumulating since 1880 in the air, ground and water. Before explaining this warming by external heat sources, the net heat emissions on Earth must be considered. Such emissions from, e.g., the global use ...
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Emission behaviour of modern heavy duty vehicles in real world driving
Within a national and two international research projects, a vehicle emission model was developed, which calculates emissions in real world driving from the engine emission maps by simulating engine power and engine speed. Influences of transient load changes on the emission level are taken into consideration by special functions. Model parameters are gained from a common measurement protocol on ...
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Calculation of HC, CO and NO
xfrom civil aviation in Turkey in 2012To meet the growing demand for air transport, airline companies doubled their aircraft numbers in Turkey, where civil aviation activities have shown great development in recent years. This increase in aircraft numbers resulted in an emission problem. Considering its impact on regional air quality, the growing emission amounts are at a non–negligible level. We especially take the busiest airports ...
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VOC composition and ozone-forming potential of the exhaust gas of in-use motorcycles
The emission profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and the ozone-forming potential (OP) of the exhaust gas of six in-use motorcycles (four 4-stroke- and two 2-stroke-engines) were determined. The motorcycles were tested on a chassis dynamometer in a real-world driving cycle. The analysis involved the C2–C12-hydrocarbons as well as the aldehydes and ketones. Additionally, the regulated THC ...
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A statistical–analytical methodology for the construction of abatement cost curves
This paper outlines a procedure for the construction of pollution abatement cost curves in the perspective of cost-effectiveness analysis for meeting environmental performance standards. After a conceptual exposition, it gives detailed practical guidelines for statistical and analytical conventions for building up an abatement cost curve for a specific type of environmental pressure or pollution, ...
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Modelling emission trends from non-constant time series of PM10 concentrations in Christchurch, New Zealand
This paper presents an attempt to model the trend of emissions through analysis of a time series of PPM10 concentrations in Christchurch, New Zealand. Emissions are not constant over time, but show high seasonality. Fluctuations are removed by creating a time series in which concentrations do not show dependency on ambient air temperature. Remaining meteorological influences are removed through ...
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Expanding Pollution Release Reporting: Pollutant Emissions Reporting and Implications for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
In an effort to understand the quantity of pollutants entering the environment, several countries have implemented pollutant emissions reporting programs. Under the typical pollutant emissions reporting program, an affected facility is required to report to its respective government or government agency information concerning the quantity of pollutants emitted into the air, water and land as well ...
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EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013
Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories. The joint EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook supports the reporting of emissions data under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive. It provides expert guidance on how to compile an atmospheric emissions inventory. The Guidebook is published ...
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NOx re-burn simulation in a double-jet counter-flow flame
The paper investigates the main features of NOx emission in a laminar double-jet counter-flow diffusion flame for later use as a possible physical model for NOx reduction through turbine in situ reheat. The oxidizer stream consists of exhaust gas resulted from a conventional combustor and the fuel stream is represented by an air?methane mixture. The main interest rests on the distribution of NOx ...
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Pesticides Formulation Industry - Pollution Prevention Guidelines
Introduction Pollution Prevention Guidelines to provide technical advice and guidance to staff and consultants involved in pollution-related projects. The guidelines represent state-of-the-art thinking on how to reduce pollution emissions from the production process. In many cases, the guidelines provide numerical targets for reducing pollution, as well as maximum emissions levels that are ...
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A structural decomposition analysis of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion in India
During the last decade, there has been worldwide concern with global climate change, which has been induced by greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to the use of fossil fuels. The CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have been identified as the single most significant source of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. Realising the need to control and regulate emissions of pollutants, the objective of the ...
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Model analyses of long and short term pollution emission reduction
Climate change is influenced not only by the emissions of greenhouse gases, but also by the emissions of air pollutants which influence each other through complex interactions in the atmosphere. Reducing emissions could be one way to react and prevent negative impacts from climate change. Because these reductions must take place in the face of economic growth, there is a disagreement about the ...
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NEC Directive status report 2010
Executive Summary This report documents the most recent emissions and projections information provided by the Member States of the European Union under the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) (1) at the end of 2010. The directive requires all 27 Member States to report information annually concerning emissions and projections for four main air pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOX), ...
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NSR Litigation and Reform: An Introduction to the Topic
Untitled Document The New Source Review (NSR) rule has recently been the subject of considerable judicial, regulatory, and media attention. This month, EM presents a series of articles that focus on NSR. In the first article, Debra Jezouit1 summarizes several recent developments relating to the NSR rule. This is followed by four2-5 stakeholder groups’ ...
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