water collection Articles
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Arsenic concentration in drinking water of Bihar: health issues and socio-economic problems
More than 10 million people residing in 13 districts of the state of Bihar are facing the acute problem of arsenic contamination in drinking water. The objective of this paper is to quantify arsenic in drinking water, and to understand the associated health problems, health costs and socio-economic issues in the region. In the study, a field test kit was used to test the arsenic concentration ...
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Enhanced Bioremediation Amendments with IXPER® case study
1. Use of an oleophilic nutrient in combination with IXPER 75C, a chemical oxyen source resulted in subsurface hydrocarbon reduction at this site. 2. The multiple slurry applications did not impact the downgradient stream from either the hydro carbon or slurry constituent residuals. 3. A rule of thumb approach provided sufficient support to the indigenous microorganisms to enhance the rate of ...
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Relationships between pH, colour and heavy metal concentrations in the Tinto and Odiel rivers (southwest Spain)
The relationships between pH, colour, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and sulphates in surface water samples collected from the Tinto and Odiel Rivers (southwest Spain) have been studied. These rivers are adversely affected by the inputs of acid and heavy metals due to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Samples were collected from both rivers on a monthly sampling basis from 1995 to 2001. The analytical results showed ...
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Adenovirus, enterovirus and thermotolerant coliforms in recreational waters from Lake Guaíba beaches, Porto Alegre, Brazil
In the present study, molecular detection of human adenoviruses (HAdV) and enteroviruses (EV) was performed in surface water samples collected from beaches Ipanema and Lami, located on the shores of Lake Guaíba, city of Porto Alegre, RS, southern Brazil. Furthermore, water safety was evaluated by counting thermotolerant coliforms (TC), following local government regulations. A total of 36 ...
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Typing of
Legionella strains isolated from environmental samples in Crete, Greece, during the period 2004–2011In Greece, standard tests are performed in watering and cooling systems of hotels. A total of 1,494 water samples were collected during 2004–2011 from 124 hotels from four regions in Crete (Greece). Samples were tested for the presence of Legionella spp.; 103 isolates were identified and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing and sequence-based typing (SBT) (in case of L. ...
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Enteric viruses in surface water and sediment samples from the catchment area of Peri Lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
This paper aims to quantify human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in surface water and sediments and to determine the viability of HAdV in these samples. Water and sediment samples were collected, and HAdV, RVA, and HAV were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); HAdV was also evaluated for infectivity by a plaque assay (PA). For the ...
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Norovirus genogroups I and II in environmental water samples from Belém city, Northern Brazil
This study investigated the presence of norovirus (NoV) GI and GII in environmental samples from the northern region of Brazil. Water samples were collected monthly (November 2008/October 2010) from different sources and sewage and concentrated by the adsorption-elution method. The NoV investigation used molecular methods followed by sequencing reactions. The general positivity for NoV was ...
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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface water
A total of 96 surface water samples collected from river Ganga in West Bengal during 2004-05 was analyzed for pH, EC, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni. The pH was found in the alkaline range (7.21-8.32), while conductance was obtained in the range of 0.225-0.615 mmhos/cm. Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb were detected in more than 92% of the samples in the range of 0.025-5.49, 0.025-2.72, 0.012-0.370, ...
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Introducing surface sampling threshold factor for suspended sediment transport: model development using Sri Lankan tropical highland river basins
Estimation of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in rivers is a prerequisite to address many issues related to hydrology. Therefore, we make an attempt in this study to introduce a low-cost technique to estimate the SSC. Both surface and depth-and-width-integrated water samples were collected and measured for SSC from eight tributaries in Sri Lanka over a complete hydrological year. A ...
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In Situ Dechlorination of TCE during Aquifer Heating
Laboratory and field efforts were undertaken to examine trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination as a function of temperature as an aquifer is heated to temperatures approaching boiling. Experiments were conducted using sediment samples and during electrical resistance heating (ERH) treatment at the East Gate Disposal Yard (Fort Lewis, Washington), which contains nonaqueous phase TCE and hydrocarbon ...
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Examining impacts of current‐use pesticides in Southern Ontario using in situ exposures of the amphipod Hyalella azteca
In situ exposures with Hyalella azteca were used to assess impacts of current‐use pesticides in Southern Ontario, Canada. Exposures were conducted over 2 growing seasons within areas of high pesticide use: 1 site on Prudhomme Creek, and 3 sites on Twenty Mile Creek. Three sites on Spencer Creek, an area of low pesticide use, were added in the second season. Surface water samples were collected ...
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Detection of assemblages A and B of Giardia duodenalis in water and sewage from São Paulo state, Brazil
Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan that parasitizes humans and other mammals and causes giardiasis. Although its isolates have been divided into seven assemblages, named A to G, only A and B have been detected in human faeces. Assemblage A isolates are commonly divided into two genotypes, AI and AII. Even though information about the presence of this protozoan in water and sewage is available in ...
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Detection of Giardia intestinalis in water samples collected from natural water reservoirs and wells in northern and north-eastern Poland using LAMP, real-time PCR and nested PCR
Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite, transmitted to humans and animals by the faecal–oral route, mainly through contaminated water and food. Knowledge about the distribution of this parasite in surface water in Poland is fragmentary and incomplete. Accordingly, 36 environmental water samples taken from surface water reservoirs and wells were collected in Pomerania and ...
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Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in water purification plants (WPPs) with advanced treatment processes
A series of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) surveys were conducted in two water purification plants (WPPs) having ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration processes. In each plant, six different processes samples (source water, influent, coagulation-sedimentation effluent, ozonation effluent, GAC filtration effluent, and final tap water) were collected for two times and eight PFCs ...
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Cryptosporidium infection, onsite wastewater systems and private wells in the arid SouthwestFew prior studies have examined the potential health risks from transmission of enteric parasites via aquifers contaminated by wastewater from onsite systems. A cross-sectional study of 600 residents in households served with either onsite wastewater systems and private wells or city sewer/water systems in three different sites in central New Mexico compared serological responses to ...
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Analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD)
The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) fiber is a cost-effective technique for the determination of different pesticide residues in environmental and biological samples followed by a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). In the present study more than 147 water samples collected in and around Lucknow city were ...
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Total coliform and Escherichia coli contamination in rural well water: analysis for passive surveillance
With increasing stress on our water resources and recent waterborne disease outbreaks, understanding the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens is crucial to build surveillance systems. The purpose of this study was to explore techniques for describing microbial water quality in rural drinking water wells, based on spatiotemporal analysis, time series analysis and relative risk mapping. Tests ...
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Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes distribution in river water in IranLittle is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water ...
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Effect of agro-activities on drinking-water quality in Bangladesh
Fifty-nine samples of drinking water were collected from various locations in Bangladesh to assess the impact of agricultural practices on groundwater quality. The basic groundwater quality parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids, iron, sodium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride and arsenic were analysed. In addition, the presence of excess fertilizers was monitored by measuring levels of ...
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Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purpose in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
A study was conducted to evaluate the hydrochemical processes controlling the water quality variations and to determine the water type of groundwater in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh, for drinking purposes. A total of 120 shallow and deep tubewell water samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon seasons during the year 2008–2009 and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. The results ...
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