velocity profiling Articles
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Velocity profiles assessment in natural channels during high floods
The accuracy of three different approaches for velocity profiles assessment during high floods, when the velocity points sampling is carried out only in the upper portion of the flow area, has been investigated. The first two methods assume the classical logarithmic law with additional terms, to take account of the dip-phenomenon in the velocity profile. The third one is based on the entropy ...
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Entropy generation in MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation
The present paper analyses the effects of entropy generation in Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation. Analytical solutions of the momentum and the energy equations are obtained in terms of Kummer's function using suitable transformations. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various ...
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Slip effects on entropy generation in MHD flow over a stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation
The present paper deals with the study of slip effects on entropy generation in viscous incompressible flow over a stretching sheet subjected to a transverse magnetic field in the presence of thermal radiation. By using suitable similarity transformations, the momentum and the energy equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and series solutions are obtained using ...
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Two-dimension coupling model to simulate water flow, sediment transport and bed evolution
Catastrophic flood events worldwide have become increasingly more frequent and their dynamics mechanism has attracted much interest as how to predict them by numerical method. As the most common phenomenon occurs in the flowing process, entrainment and deposition can significantly influence flow mobility by increasing in mass and changing in flow character. In this paper, a two-dimension ...
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Effect of bed roughness on 1-D entropy velocity distribution in open channel flow
A theoretic-analytical formulation, based on entropy velocity profile law and classical relationships for uniform flow and friction factor, is proposed enlightening the general logarithmic relationship existing between the parameter Φ(M), defined as mean cross section velocity over maximum velocity, and the ratio water depth/bed roughness (D/d). The relationship Φ(M)–D/d ...
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Measurement of flow velocity profiles in tank structures using the prototype device OCM Pro LR
Generally, studies investigating the treatment efficiency of tank structures for storm water or waste water treatment observe pollutant flows in connection with conditions of hydraulic loading. Further investigations evaluate internal processes in tank structures using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling or lab scale tests. As flow paths inside of tank structures have a considerable ...
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H-ADCP Flow Gauge, Wessex Water case study
Wessex Water, Design, supply and installation of low-flow environmental impacts monitoring system on the River Yeo in Somerset, 2005-2008 Wessex Water contracted HL to install a new flow-gauge to provide flow data on the environmental impact of abstraction upstream and downstream of a riverside borehole for public-supply. Due to the channel and hydraulic conditions at the site on the River Yeo ...
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Double duty flow measurement: How to conquer changing flow conditions and tight footprints
While accurate flow measurement is critical for most industries, flow conditions that change over time can make it difficult to properly size a flow meter. Replacing a meter as the flow changes is impractical and expensive. In addition, flow disturbers can greatly impact meter accuracy, so addressing that issue is important as well. A uniquely designed flow meter may be the solution to both ...
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How to get accurate flow measurements despite flow disturbers
Flow meter accuracy is critical for process control but can be hampered by upstream and downstream flow disturbers. This problem may be addressed during the design process, though in some circumstances it’s impossible to eliminate disturbers. What Are Flow Disturbers? Anything that impedes flow upstream or downstream of a flow meter is a flow disturber. This includes piping ...
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Estimation of shear stress working on submerged vertically set hollow fibre membrane in MBRs
This study is aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which rising air bubbles induce shear stress on the surface of hollow fibre membranes in submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Shear stress working on vertically set hollow fibre membrane surfaces caused by aeration was measured directly using a two-direction load sensor connected to one hollow fibre at the centre of the ‘vegetation’ of the ...
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Calibration using 5 flow sensors saves the effort of extensive reconstruction measures
"Abwasserzweckverband Breisgauer Bucht", a municipal association for sewage treatment in the south of Germany, operates a central wastewater treatment plant for its members (29 communities and cities). The WWTP covers a catchment area of 650km² and its treatment capacity is 600.000 population equivalents. The plant is treating wastewater from 375.000 residents as well as from industry and ...
By NIVUS GmbH
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Comparing benefits of V-Cone and Coriolis meters
Proper operation of water treatment processes depends on accurate flow measurements. Also, flow data is often required by regulatory agencies. Selecting the right flow meter requires detailed knowledge of the application as well as an understanding of different types of meters. This comparison of V-Cone® and Coriolis meters will help to show the pros and cons of these two types of meters. ...
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Recent Advances in Resolving Bias in Discharge Measurement by Acoustic Scintillation
Recent work has improved understanding of the performance of the Acoustic Scintillation Flow Meter (ASFM) in hydroelectric intakes, particularly the factors affecting the accuracy of the results. The primary cause for systematic (or bias) errors was found to be coincident, strong inhomogeneities in the intensity of small-scale turbulence and the mean velocity in the measurement plane, such as are ...
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Controlling natural gas usage costs – Case Study
A large American engine manufacturer required mass flow meters to measure natural gas usage in each of the eleven buildings on their campus. Natural gas is used to fire furnaces and other equipment. Because each facility is a separate profit center, fuel and utility costs are allocated by building. They must also provide an accurate usage report of natural gas to the Department of Natural ...
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How to avoid system downtime when installing flow meters
FPI Mag installed in pipe. Water and wastewater utilities rely on accurate flow measurement for important process controls. These may include recycle streams, chemical dosing systems, and other operational functions. In addition, regulators require utilities to measure certain flows, such as treatment plant influent and effluent and potable water pumping. Accurate flow measurement is also ...
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Choosing flow monitors for CEMS applications
As a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments1, electric power plants must reduce their emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides—the primary causes of acid rain. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in its proposed rules2, designates the 111 Phase I fossil-fueled plants ^roughly 268 boiler units) that must have continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) installed, ...
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Some straight talk on field accuracy of flow meters
When talking about the accuracy of flow meters, it is important to have some basic knowledge about what influences it. We see a lot of discussions on platforms like Linkedin, where people are making statements about accuracy without telling the true story. In this article, we will give you some practical answers to common questions. Spot/ single point type flow meters In some ...
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ANSI N13.1-2011 Stack Sampling Considerations
Background Nuclear facilities are required to follow industry standards for sampling stack effluents. Exposure of the general public to released radionuclides must be monitored as specified in US governmental regulations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) have the authority over the monitoring of these releases. ...
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OTT ADC measurement - Germany
Background As the open pit Cottbus Nord is making use of the water of the ponds in the protected landscape of Lakoma (a village 6 km from Cottbus) the Vattenfall Europe Mining AG (VEM) as owner of the pit was obligated to take compensation measurements. VEM entrusted the engineers of the gerstgraser Ingenieurbüro für Renaturierung (gIR) in Cottbus with the planning of the structuring ...
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Closed vessel or open channel UV disinfection systems
Ultra violet disinfection is now a standard feature in most waste water disinfection systems. UV has also been adopted by the drinking water community, as a barrier against the chlorine tolerant species such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The technology is widely favored due to its non- chemical nature, the fact that no subsequent de-chlorination process is required, and its ability to be ...
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