Showing results for: genotoxicity Articles
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Root to shoot transfer and distribution of endosulfan in the wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis L.
Endosulfan (EDS) is genotoxic in somatic cells of Bidens laevis and reproduction could be affected if translocated from roots to flower buds. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to quantify this transfer. While the[0] root uptake of [14C] EDS and its transfer to aboveground tissues was relatively low, the resulting average flower buds concentration (1.01 ± 0.76 ng/g) after 30 d of exposure ...
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Evaluation of phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitrobenzene with a battery of Vicia faba assay system
Nitrobenzene (NB) is an important organic compound intermediate that is widely used in industry. In this present study, to evaluate the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of NB on plants, Vicia faba was exposed to increasing concentrations of NB (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1). The data revealed that germination rate and radicle length of V. faba seedlings were promoted by low NB concentrations and ...
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2009 Marie Curie Prize lecture: Linearity at low dose is a religious belief
Health standards for ionising radiation and genotoxic chemical carcinogens are based on the assumption of a linear response at low doses. Exposures to such agents are therefore harmful regardless of how low the exposure is. The belief in linearity at low dose is also directly tied to and inseparable from two other concepts, that is, such exposures result in cumulative damage and are always ...
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Evaluation of genotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by coke plant wastewater
In order to elucidate the genotoxicity and oxidative damage exerted by coke plant wastewater, we investigated the effect of coke plant wastewater over a concentration gradient of COD Cr 40–640mg/L on the micronucleus formation in the roots and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots and the leaves of Vicia faba . The results suggest that coke plant wastewater can cause genotoxicity ...
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A preliminary Ames fluctuation assay assessment of the genotoxicity of drinking water that has been solar disinfected in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles
Though microbially safe, concerns have been raised about the genotoxic/mutagenic quality of solar-disinfected drinking water, which might be compromised as a result of photodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles used as SODIS reactors. This study assessed genotoxic risk associated with the possible release of genotoxic compounds into water from PET bottles during SODIS, using the ...
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Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen
The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 ...
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Genotoxicity assays analysis for carbon nanotubes: friends or foes? Preliminary results on human peripheral leukocytes
The literature is full of information on the biological effects, both in vitro and in vivo, of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and almost all the data published are in agreement on the toxicity related to physicochemical properties. The gap in the knowledge of the effects of CNTs on biological systems is instead evident when approaching the damage induced to DNA by CNTs. In fact, genotoxicity data is ...
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Genotoxicity evaluation of atmospheric environments of subway stations in Seoul using Tradescantia micronucleus assay
Airborne pollutants in subway facilities can be harmful to passengers. This study was done to examine whether the suspended particulates have clastogenic effects on the biological systems. Total suspended particulates were collected from subway stations in Seoul. Aqueous extracts from the particulates were tested with the Tradescantia micronucleus assay. All the plant cuttings exposed to the ...
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Optimal pH in chlorinated swimming pools – balancing formation of by-products
In order to identify the optimal pH range for chlorinated swimming pools, the formation of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and trichloramine was investigated in the pH-range 6.5–7.5 in batch experiments. An artificial body fluid analogue was used to simulate bather load as the precursor for by-products. The chlorine-to-precursor ratio used in the batch experiments influenced the ...
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Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of treated tannery wastewater in southern Brazil
In this study, we analysed the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of treated tannery wastewater using the micronucleus (MN) test in fish erythrocytes (Bryconamericus iheringii) and the Allium cepa test system. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations of tannery effluent (2, 5 and 10%) for 3 and 6 days. Onion bulbs were exposed to four dilutions of the effluent (2, 5, 10 and 25%) for 60 ...
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Assessment of genotoxicity of landfill leachate by comet assay using golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum)
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of various inorganic and organic compounds. The possibility of using comet assay in relation to pollutant analysis for characterising genotoxicity of landfill leachate was studied. Golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) was used as the biomonitor with comet assay. Polluted water of fresh and old leachates in different gradients was employed in the experiments. ...
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The use of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of sediments of the Yenisei River
We estimated toxicity, cyto‐ and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River in laboratory bioassay based on using several endpoints of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis (Elodea). The samples of bottom sediments (BS) were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of ...
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Effect of 137Cs gamma radiation on the system bioindicator Tradescantia pallida
The use of the bioindicator Tradescantia clone 4430 as a biomonitor is limited to a short period of time in regions of hot climate. This paper describes the use of Tradescantia pallida as a bioindicator, to verify its sensitivity to gamma radiation from a 137Cs source and to monitor places of low doses of ionising radiation in tropical climates. Specimens of the T. pallida were exposed to ...
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Genotoxicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) upon chlorination of nine different freshwater algal species at variable reaction time
Nine local dominant freshwater algal species, including green algae (Chlorella sp., Chlamydomonas sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda), diatom (Navicula pelliculosa, Nitzschia palea Grunow and Synedra sp.), blue-green algae (Microcystis sp., Chroococcus sp. and Gloeocapsa sp.) were isolated from source water reservoirs and cultivated in the laboratory. The algal biomass was chlorinated (20 ...
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Quantification of
umu genotoxicity level of urban river waterIn recent years, the request of environmental safety management for carcinogenic substances, mutagenic substances and/or reproductive toxicity substances (CMR) has increased. This study focused on clarifying the genotoxicity level of environmental water and its release source by using the umu test provided in ISO13829. Although a genotoxicity index “induction ratio (IR)” is used in ISO13829, we ...
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Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of five selected anionic and nonionic surfactants
The results of four toxicity bioassays of selected anionic and nonionic surface active agents were presented. Three widely used anionic surfactants that belong to alkyl sulphates (AS), alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphates (AES) as well as nonionic surfactants: polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (AE) and polyoxylethylene alkylphenyl ethers (APE) were tested. Three different ...
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The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy‐M on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
As the main optical isomer of metalaxyl, metalaxyl‐M has been widely used worldwide in recent years due to its notable effect on the prevention and control of crop‐diseases. Together with the toxicity and degradation of metalaxyl‐M, the chemical has attracted the attention of researchers. The present study examined the toxic effects of metalaxyl‐M on earthworms at 0, 0.1, 1 and 3 mg kg−1 on ...
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Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on growth, the anti‐oxidant system and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in two different soil types under laboratory conditions
The aims of the present study were to compare the toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and to screen for rapid and sensitive biomarkers that can be used to assess the environmental risks of benzo[a]pyrene in earthworms in different natural soil types. We exposed Eisenia fetida to two types of soil (red soil and fluvo‐aquic soil) spiked with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 and 500 mg ...
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Chronic oxidative dna damage due to dna repair defects causes chromosomal instability in saccharomyces cerevisiae
Oxidative DNA damage is likely to be involved in the etiology of cancer and is thought to accelerate tumorigenesis via increased mutation rates. However, the majority of malignant cells acquire a specific type of genomic instability characterized by large-scale genomic rearrangements, referred to as chromosomal instability (CIN). The molecular mechanisms underlying CIN are not entirely ...
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Assessment of hormonal activities and genotoxicity of industrial effluents using in vitro bioassays combined with chemical analysis
Wastewaters from various industries are a main source of the contaminants in aquatic environments. The authors evaluated the hormonal activities (estrogenic/anti‐estrogenic activities, androgenic/anti‐androgenic activities) and genotoxicity of various effluents from textile and dyeing plants, electronic and electroplate factories, pulp and paper mills, fine chemical factories, and municipal ...
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