membrane filtration Articles
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Characterization of recombinant norovirus virus-like particles and evaluation of their applicability to the investigation of norovirus removal performance in membrane filtration processes
Noroviruses (NVs) are one of the leading causes of epidemic gastroenteritis around the world. Water treatment technologies using membrane filtration for virus removal are becoming increasingly important. However, experiments to test removal of NVs from water have been hampered because NVs do not grow in cell culture or in small-animal models and therefore cannot be easily artificially ...
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Characterisation of RO fouling in an integrated MBR/RO system for wastewater reuse
Membrane filtration has gradually gained acceptance as the preferred pre-treatment for reverse osmosis (RO). In this paper, an integrated membrane bioreactor (MBR)/RO system for wastewater reuse treating real sewage water has been evaluated and the RO fouling has been characterised. The MBR achieved low values of organic matter, total nitrogen, PO43−, total organic carbon, turbidity and ...
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Chemical and microstructural analyses for heavy metals removal from water media by ceramic membrane filtration
This study aims to investigate the ability of low cost ceramic membrane filtration in removing three common heavy metals namely; Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ from water media. The work includes manufacturing ceramic membranes with dimensions of 15 by 15 cm and 2 cm thickness. The membranes were made from low cost materials of local clay mixed with different sawdust percentages of 0.5%, 2.0%, and ...
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Separation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in water stream by membrane filtration
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are used for the synthesis of various materials. The nanoparticles, when entering into the environment, affect aquatic life. Their antibacterial properties deter the biological treatment process of wastewater treatment plants. The study focuses on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for the removal of ZnO nanoparticles. In this study, a ...
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The on-site feasibility study of iron and manganese removal from groundwater by hollow-fiber microfiltration
The aim of this research was to investigate the removal of iron and manganese from groundwater by aeration, chlorine oxidation and microfiltration (MF). Pilot-scale experiments were performed at the Chang-Hua Water Treatment Plant in Taiwan. The raw waters contained soluble iron (0.4 mg/L) and manganese (0.5 mg/L) which were oxidized by chlorine and then filtered by hollow-fiber PTFE-MF. The ...
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Effect of sludge retention time on characteristics of dynamic membrane in sequencing bioreactors
The characteristics of self-forming dynamic membrane (DM) in sequencing bioreactors under different sludge retention times (SRT) (SRT = 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 days) were studied using a scanning electron microscope, particle sizing distribution and others. The results indicated that the SRT has an evident effect on the characteristics of DM. The content of extracellular polymeric substances and ...
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Optical Coherence Tomography
Looking inside membrane fouling with optical coherence tomography (OCT) Internal Imaging in Real-time Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses light scattering to show cross-sections of a 3D object (1). OCT has a resolution between 1 - 15 µm, which is about two orders of magnitude finer than traditional ultrasound (2). While this technique was originally ...
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Intrinsic properties and performances of NF270 and XLE membranes for water filtration
Nanofiltration and low pressure reverse osmosis membranes are well-known in the field of drinking water production and their separation performance is very strongly related to their intrinsic characteristics. The membrane characterization (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential …) was realized on a NF270 and extra-low energy (XLE) membrane. SEM results ...
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Rapid novel test for the determination of biofouling potential on reverse osmosis membranes
A novel method was proposed to determine biofouling potential by direct analysis of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane through fluorescence intensity analysis of biofilm formed on the membrane surface, thereby incorporating fouling tendencies of both feedwater and membrane. Evaluation of the biofouling potential on the RO membrane was done by accelerated biofilm formation through soaking of ...
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Synthetic organic polymer fouling in municipal wastewater reuse reverse osmosis
A full scale waste water reuse plant suffered from irreversible fouling of the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The major suspect of fouling is cationic organic polymers applied in the wastewater sludge treatment. Thus, the purpose of this research is to study the effect of six cationic polymers, applied in the plant, on RO membrane performance. The filtration and adsorption experiments with 4 ...
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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP): A critical factor in aquatic biofilm initiation and fouling on filtration membranes
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are sticky organic microgels, ubiquitous in natural waters, which have been implicated as a potentially important factor in the development of aquatic biofilm. An experimental cross-flow membrane array was used to investigate the relationship between the rate of membrane clogging and levels of TEP and other water quality variables in a lake water source. In ...
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Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic polymer to reduce biofouling
The zwitterionic homopolymer poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide was coated onto the surface of commercial polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Aqueous solutions of the polymer at different concentrations were applied to modify the polyamide membranes through an in situ surface coating procedure. After membrane modification, cross-flow filtration ...
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Pilot trial study of a compact macro-filtration membrane bioreactor process for saline wastewater treatment
Conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems have increasingly been studied in recent decades. However, their applications have been limited due to their drawbacks such as low flux, membrane fouling, and high operating cost. In this study, a compact macro-filtration MBR (MfMBR) process was developed by using a large pore size membrane to mitigate the membrane fouling problem. A pilot trial of ...
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New Membranes for Environmental, Pharma and Wider Applications
Summary: A new membrane that’s better for your application Choose Gold-coated polyester membranes for: Detecting and characterizing micro-plastics in environmental water samples. Particle analysis by SEM/EDX, FTIR microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Identification and characterization of micro- and nanoparticles in pharmaceutical fluids and chemical auxiliary agents. Testing for ...
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Study of copper-charged membranes for control of fouling due to bacteria and algae organic matter
The accumulation of micro-organisms, along with the presence of nutrients, forms biofilms. Biofoulants that are typically encountered in desalination systems include cellular organisms (e.g. bacteria or algae) and organic debris, including algae organic matter. The accumulation of these micro-organisms is problematic to membranes by causing irreversible fouling. The most adverse effects due ...
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Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater using MFI zeolite membrane supported on inexpensive tubular ceramic substrate
A mordenite framework inverted (MFI) type zeolite membrane was produced on inexpensive tubular ceramic substrate through hydrothermal synthesis and applied for the removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater. The fabricated ceramic substrate and membrane was characterized by diverse standard techniques such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, porosity, water ...
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Direct sewage filtration for concentration of organic matters by dynamic membrane
Sewage treatment is experiencing a paradigm shift whereby sewage should be treated as a resource with maximum reuse of water, nutrients and energy. Concentration of sewage for organic matter enrichment is essential for improved energy recovery. In this study, the concentrating performance of direct sewage filtration by a dynamic membrane was investigated. A novel double-layer cloth-media ...
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Numerical simulation of filtration performance in submerged membrane bioreactors: effect of particle packed structure
It is widely known that the accumulation of solid matter forming a cake layer on the membrane surface is one of the major limitations of the filtration performance in submerged membrane bioreactors (SMBR). This study is focused on the influence of the cake porosity of different particle microscopic packed structures on the filtration performance of hollow fiber systems. An integrated model ...
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TEP and biofilm fouling on membranes
Summary Biological fouling on membranes is a major problem in desalination and water purification plants. Oceanographers and limnologists have found that most marine and fresh waters are full of microscopic Transparent Exopolymer Particles, otherwise known as TEP. In this article, aquatic microbiologist Tom Berman and Filtration Specialist Marina Holenberg (Amiad Filtration Systems, Amiad, ...
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RO filtration of biologically treated textile and dyeing effluents using ozonation as a pre-treatment
Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the application of ozonation pre-treatment for biologically treated textile and dyeing wastewater to improve performance of the RO process. Based on ozonation experiments, four specific ozone consumptions (SOC), 0, 0.3, 0.6, 4.0 mg O3/mg DOC0 were chosen for study of the effects of ozonation on the reverse osmosis (RO) process. Membrane flux ...
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