air modeling Articles
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An air quality modelling system for a medium-sized town: a case study in Estonia
The air pollution modelling system used in Tartu (population 101,000) is aimed at examining the pollution levels in different meteorological conditions, and determining optimal traffic schemes and strategic development plans for the city. The system consists of: (i) a Gaussian plume model AEROPOL, and (ii) a database on sources of NOx2Keywords: AEROPOL model, air pollution modelling, air ...
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The performance evaluation of WinOSPM model for urban street canyons of Nantes in France
Air quality modelling is primarily the quantative approach. It is more difficult as it demands input data accuracy, uncertainties and the efficient methodologies to judge the extent of models accuracy. As a result, model validation has to be regarded as an integral part of the modelling process. Furthermore, models are often validated on a limited number of testcases therefore, appropriate ...
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Analysis of local concentration gradients in complex built environments: implications for Air Quality Management Areas
This paper reviews the existing guidance on placement of permanent air quality monitoring stations within urban areas and suggests the principles for a new, performance-based guidance. An integrated air quality model has been developed and validated for the designated Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) located in Glasgow City Centre to analyse the importance of local concentration gradients on ...
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Air quality modelling as a supplementary assessment method in the framework of the European Air Quality Directive
According to the European Air Quality (AQ) Directive, member states must annually report their AQ to the European Commission (EC). This report can be based on modelling data if the concentration levels do not exceed the established lower assessment thresholds (LAT), or on combined data from modelling and monitoring systems (supplementary assessment methods) if concentrations levels are below the ...
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Dependence of street canyon concentrations on above-roof wind speed - implications for numerical modelling
For microscale numerical modelling of street canyon air pollution, the traffic-related component of the total ambient pollutant concentration is often assumed to be inversely dependent on the wind-speed at rooftops for idealised conditions of neutral stratification, no solar radiation, and no traffic-induced turbulence. Detailed data analyses of two comprehensive datasets from Gottinger Strase ...
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A dataset for the validation of flow and dispersion models at an urban intersection
Dispersion modelling concerning air pollution caused by road traffic is reduced to a two-dimensional problem within street canyons. However, significant pollution loads are also to be expected at intersections. In this case, three-dimensional flow and dispersion structures have to be considered. For the validation of models claimed to be applicable to intersections, measurements of meteorological ...
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Dispersion modelling near tunnel exits: simulation and measurements
Measurements of car exhaust gases were made in May/June 1995 in the vicinity of the Bielefeld tunnel. CO and NOx from car exhausts were measured to allow comparison with a model simulation. Ozone was also measured. These measurements were made using commercial continuous analysers. A valve control system was used to investigate the dispersion of the trace gases. This allowed measurements at ...
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Evaluation of AirGIS: a GIS–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system
This study describes in brief the latest extensions of the Danish Geographic Information System (GIS)–based air pollution and human exposure modelling system (AirGIS), which has been developed in Denmark since 2001 and gives results of an evaluation with measured air pollution data. The system shows, in general, a good performance for both long–term averages (annual and monthly averages), ...
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Field measurements within a quarter of a city including a street canyon to produce a validation data set
Air pollutants and meteorological parameters were measured continuously by in situ instruments, path-averaging techniques (up to three DOAS systems), and SODAR inside a street canyon and in the surrounding area of 1 km x 1 km (Gottinger Strasse in Hanover, Germany) from 2001 until 2003 which are available in the data bank ValiData for validation of microscale models. During three IOPs tracer ...
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Parametric study of the dispersion aspects in a street-canyon area
Most modern cities practically consist of street canyons, making monitoring of the level of their pollution an important issue. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of pollutant dispersion was performed for a real, complex-geometry street canyon for various wind directions and speeds. Typical street-canyon effects – like the formation of a longitudinal vortex for wind ...
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A GIS based air quality system for the Apulia region, southern Italy
A GIS based air quality modelling system has been developed in Apulia region in the Southern Italy, to support local authorities in air quality management. Meteorological and dispersion simulations were performed for the year 2005. Predictions have been compared with concentration data from the air quality monitoring network. Results evidence a good correlation between predictions and ...
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Fireworks air pollution in Slovenia
Over the 'Christmas–New Year' period 12/2010–01/2011, PM10 air pollution measurements on most of the automatic measuring stations in Slovenia reached extreme values of up to 300 µg/m³. Analysis shows a very close correlation with the timings of the fireworks displays in the areas. This paper shows the other side of this cultural enjoyment - the effect on PM10 air pollution. As the correlation ...
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A comprehensive experimental databank for the verification of urban car emission dispersion models
A summary presentation is made of representative samples from a comprehensive experimental databank on car exhaust dispersion in urban street canyons. Physical modelling, under neutral stratification conditions, was used to provide visualisation, pollutant concentration and velocimetry measurements above and inside test canyons amidst surrounding urban roughness. The study extended to two ...
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Air quality assessment in the EU: room for improvement?
Different modelling approaches are used to design and assess air quality plans across Europe. This study assessed the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches. The researchers conclude that a large variety of models is in use, without a preferred or standard model having emerged yet. They identify integrating local-scale and large-scale models and verifying models with measurements ...
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Modelling of air pollution in the area of Algiers City, Algeria
Algiers is the political and economic capital of Algeria. The city drains a large part of the activities of the country with intense road traffic. This road traffic is the main source of air pollution, followed by industry and waste combustion. An application of the new road traffic emission model, called EMISENS, is performed to build road traffic emission inventories for the Algiers region. ...
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A quantitative approach to the traffic air quality problem: the traffic air quality index
The Traffic Air Quality (TAQ) model is a simple tool to estimate traffic fine particulate emissions on roadways (g/km) and can be used for both real-time analysis and for localized conformity analysis (“hot-spot” analysis for nonattainment areas) as defined by 40 CFR 93.123. This paper is a follow-up to a study published earlier regarding the development of the TAQ model. This paper shows how ...
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How can air quality forecasting help reduce pollution exposure
It is now a well-established fact that exposure to poor air quality leads to serious health conditions. These health impacts on populations have led to a massive economic burden on economies around the world. This impact can be minimized by reducing our exposure to air pollution. We can do this by leveraging the latest technology which is available to us. One of the best ways of doing that is ...
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Comparison of model predictions and measurements near a major road in an urban area
We have compared measured concentration data with predictions from a dispersion modelling system. The measurement campaign was conducted near a major road in the Helsinki Metropolitan area during two months of 1994. The concentrations of five gaseous pollutants (NO, NO2, O3, CO and SO2) were measured at three heights, together with the simultaneous measurement of traffic densities and the ...
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Pollutant dispersion over two–dimensional idealised urban roughness: a large–eddy simulation approach
A series of two–dimensional (2D) street canyon models with a wide range of building–height–to–street–width (aspect) ratios are employed in this study to elucidate the pollutant transport over idealised urban areas. The large–eddy simulation (LES) is used to resolve the turbulent flows and pollutant transport in the urban boundary layer (UBL) over the street canyons. The results show that the ...
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Application of Lagrangian particle dispersion models to air quality assessment in the Trans-Manche region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain)
In the framework of the cross-border EU INTERREG IIIA activity, the joint Anglo-French project, ATTMA, has been commissioned to study Aerosol Transport in the atmosphere of the Cross-Channel, or 'Trans-Manche' region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain). The air quality of the region is dominated by the industrial area of Dunkerque, in addition to transportation sources linked ...
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