scaling Articles
-
Types of weather sensors
Introduction to weather instruments Our weather sensors provide accurate and reliable weather data for a wide range of applications. With advanced iot sensors and wireless connectivity, it provides the necessary information for weather forecasting, agricultural planning, outdoor safety, and research. Keep in touch with the weather station. Accurate weather forecasting plays a crucial role in ...
-
Enhancements in Meteorological and Hydrological Models Using Soil Moisture Data
It has long been known that there is a strong relationship between soil water content and the health and yield of crops. But only in the past few decades has science quantified the specifics of these relationships. This research has expanded to develop a relationship between soil moisture levels and the impact on meteorological and hydrological models and forecasts. Starting in the late ...
-
A new GIS landscape classification method for rain/snow temperature thresholds in surface based models
Landscape air temperature thresholds (TA) and percent misclassified precipitation (error) for 12 years of meteorological observations from 40 stations across the Scandinavian Peninsula were derived and compared using both manual and geographic information system (GIS) landscape classification methods. Dew-point, wet-bulb, and wet bulb 0.5 were also tested. Both classification methods used the ...
-
Scottish snow cover dependence on the North Atlantic Oscillation index
Forecasting seasonal snow cover is useful for planning resources and mitigating natural hazards. We present a link between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and days of snow cover in Scotland between winters beginning from 1875 to 2013. Using broad (5 km resolution), national scale data sets like UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) to extract nationwide patterns, we support these ...
-
Arctic snow distribution patterns at the watershed scale
Watershed-scale hydrologic models require good estimates of spatially distributed snow water equivalent (SWE) at winter's end. Snow on the ground in arctic environments is susceptible to significant wind redistribution, which results in heterogeneous snowpacks. The scarcity and quality of data collected by snow gauges provides a poor indicator of actual snowpack distribution. Snow ...
-
Q&A: Patrick Wagnon on glaciers and climate change
Patrick Wagnon is a glaciologist at the Institute of Research for Development in France, and a visiting scientist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development in Kathmandu, Nepal. As a global ‘glacier chaser’, he has summited some of the highest mountains in the world, including the 8,516 metre Lhotse in the Himalayas. In 2001, Wagnon and his fellow glaciologist ...
By SciDev.Net
-
The end and beginning of the Arctic
At the top of the world, it’s time to get ready for a new future. In the winter of 2013–14, hundreds of milk-white birds with luminous yellow eyes and wingspans of up to 5 feet descended on beaches, farmers’ fields, city parks and airport runways throughout southern Canada and the United States. Traditionally, snowy owls spend most of their time in the Arctic and subarctic ...
By Ensia
-
Interpretation of statistics of lake ice time series for climate variability
Lake ice time series consist of the dates of freezing and ice break-up for the ice phenology, and ice coverage and ice thicknesses for the severity of ice seasons. This work analyses the physical interpretation of the statistics of lake ice time series illustrated by available data. The results provide tools to understand variations in the past lake ice seasons and to make projections into the ...
-
Catchment-scale evaluation of pollution potential of urban snow at two residential catchments in southern Finland
Despite the crucial role of snow in the hydrological cycle in cold climate conditions, monitoring studies of urban snow quality often lack discussions about the relevance of snow in the catchment-scale runoff management. In this study, measurements of snow quality were conducted at two residential catchments in Espoo, Finland, simultaneously with continuous runoff measurements. The results of ...
-
Comparison of the global TRMM and WFD precipitation datasets in driving a large-scale hydrological model in southern Africa
This paper provides a comparison of two widely used global precipitation datasets in southern Africa: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data (WFD). We also evaluate the performance of the water and snow balance modelling system (WASMOD-D) in a water balance simulation of 22 gauged basins over the southern Africa region. Water balance for ...
-
In situ snow water equivalent observations in the US ArcticThis paper summarizes 12 years of snow water equivalent (SWE) observations collected in the data-sparse region of Arctic Alaska, United States. The in situ observations are distributed across a 200 × 300 km domain that includes the Kuparuk River watershed from the Brooks Range to the Beaufort Sea coast. Data collection methods and analyses were classified to distinguish between snow ...
-
Cold ocean seas and northern hydrology: an exploratory overview
Oceans are expected to bring their maritime influence to coastal zones, and sometimes further inland, to affect the terrestrial energy and moisture fluxes. Heat and water balances jointly govern northern hydrology, both directly through the hydrological cycle and indirectly through cyclogenesis and radiation regimes. Drawing upon reported examples, a survey is presented to examine the roles of ...
-
Which is better, three or four load points?
It is a commonly asked question: Is it better to use three or four load points on a scale? In theory, you can use any number of load points (load cells) to support a vessel. The actual number used is dependent upon these factors: The vessel’s geometry (shape and number of supports). The vessel’s gross weight (both live and dead weight). The vessel’s structural strength. ...
-
Climatic changes in Estonia during the second half of the 20th century in relationship with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation
Trends in the time series of air temperature, precipitation, snow cover duration and onset of climatic seasons at ten stations in Estonia during 1951–2000 are analysed. Using the conditional Mann-Kendall test, these trends are compared with trends in the characteristics of large-scale atmospheric circulation: the NAO and AO indices, frequency of circulation forms according to the Vangengeim-Girs’ ...
-
Response of the Indian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall to seasonal snow depth anomaly over Eurasia
Several observational and modeling studies indicate that the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is inversely related to the Eurasian snow extent and depth. The other two important surface boundary conditions which influence the ISMR are the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) to a large extent and the Indian Ocean SST to some extent. In the present study, observed Soviet snow depth data and ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you