acute toxicity testing Articles
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Acute Toxicity Bioassays using Rotifers. I. A Test for Brackish and Marine Environments with Brachionus plicatilis
Abstract :A standardized 24-h acute toxicity test for the marine environment using the rotiferBrachionus plicatilisis described. Test animals are obtained by hatching cysts, thus eliminating the need for stock cultures. Since animals hatching from cysts are of similar age, genotype and physiological condition, test variability is greatly reduced. Controlled cyst hatching is achieved by ...
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Acute Toxicity Bioassays using Rotifers. - II. A Freshwater Test with Brachionus rubens
Abstract : A 24 h acute toxicity test for freshwater is described using the rotifer Brachionus rubens hatched from cysts. Hatchlings are used in a simple protocol that provides for LC50 calculation and yields highly repeatable results. Hatching is initiated by transferring cysts to warmer temperatures and light. At 25 °C, hatching commences after 17 h and by 25 h, 40% of cysts have hatched. ...
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Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Caenorhabditis elegans: A comparison of mesocosm, microcosm and conventional laboratory studies
The use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and industrial applications, as well as recent detection in waste streams, has created concern over potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effect of complex environmental media on silver nanoparticle toxicity was investigated using wetland mesocosms and smaller scale microcosms. Mesocosms were dosed with 2.5 mg Ag/L as gum arabic (GA) ...
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Partial life‐cycle and acute toxicity of perfluoralkyl acids to freshwater mussels
Freshwater mussels are among the most sensitive aquatic organisms to many contaminants and have complex life‐cycles that include several distinct life stages with unique contaminant exposure pathways.Standard acute (24–96h) and chronic (28d) toxicity tests with free larva (glochidia) and juvenile mussels are effective at generating data on contaminant effects at two discrete lifestages, but do ...
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Acute Toxicity Tests with Streptocephalus Proboscideus (Crustacea / Branchipoda / Anostraca) : Influence of Selected Environmental Conditions
Abstract : The influence of selected environmental conditions on the acute toxicity of 3 selected chemicals (K2Cr2O7, CuSO4and Na pentachlorophenate) to instar II-III larvae ofStreptocephalus proboscideuswas evaluated. Mortality after a 24 h incubation was used as effect criterion. Factorial experiments were set up resulting to 25 different combinations of temperature and water hardness. The ...
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Critical evaluation and further development of methods for testing ecotoxicity at multiple pH using Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
To meet the requirements of risk assessment legislature regarding the ecotoxicity of ionizing compounds, the present study attempts to establish easy, robust methods for testing ecotoxicity at various pH levels. An overview is given of the buffering methods in the literature. This is supplemented by a series of experiments where toxicity and ability to stabilize pH of eight common buffering ...
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Acute toxicity tests and meta‐analysis identify gaps in tropical ecotoxicology for amphibians
Amphibian populations are declining worldwide, particularly in tropical regions where amphibian diversity is highest. Pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, have been identified as a potential contributor to decline, yet toxicological studies of tropical amphibians are very rare. The present study assesses toxic effects on amphibians of 10 commonly used commercial pesticides in ...
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Cyst-Based Toxicity Tests. - IX. The Potential of Thamnocephalus platyurus as Test Species in Comparison with Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea / Branchipoda / Anostraca)
Abstract: The potential of the larvae of the freshwater anostracan crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurushas been evaluated as an alternative to those of the related speciesStreptocephalus proboscideus, used so far as test organism in the standard Streptoxkit F test. In line with the former cyst-based toxicity test method, the hatching of driedT.platyuruseggs, the molting of larvae, and the ...
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Decolorization of azo dye C.I. Reactive Black 5 by ozonation in aqueous solution: influencing factors, degradation products, reaction pathway and toxicity assessment
In this study, ozonation treatment of C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5) was investigated at various operating parameters. The results showed that the aqueous solution initially containing 200 mg/L RB5 was quickly decolorized at pH 8.0 with an ozone dose of 3.2 g/h. Reaction intermediates with m/z 281, 546, 201, 350, 286 and 222 were elucidated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while ...
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Temporal changes in the sensitivity of coastal Antarctic zooplankton communities to diesel fuel: A comparison between single‐ and multi‐species toxicity tests
Despite increasing human activity and risk of fuel spills in Antarctica, little is known about the impact of fuel on Antarctic marine fauna. The authors performed both single‐ and multi‐species (whole community) acute toxicity tests to assess the sensitivity of an Antarctic coastal zooplankton community to the water‐accommodated fraction of Special Antarctic Blend diesel. Single‐species tests ...
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Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals using Conventional Acute Daphnia magna Tests, Toxkits and Fluotox Microbiotests
Abstract : Simple, rapid and cost-effective testing procedures were developed over the last few years, mainly for application in routine toxicity screening. One of the most significant breakthroughs in this regard are the highly standardized Toxkit microbiotests, which make use of dormant or immobilized stages of selected invertebrate species as the biological material from which the test species ...
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Daphnia magna wastewater toxicity assays: an interlaboratory study
In order to protect aquatic life, many acute and short-term chronic whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests have been employed for assessment of the toxicity of wastewater. Toxicity tests using biological responses to measure effects provide valuable information about the significance of chemical contamination. The response of an organism to contaminated effluents provides an integrated measure of ...
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Cyst-Based Toxicity Tests. - III. Development and Standardization of an Acute Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Anostracan Crustacean Streptocephalus proboscideus
Abstract :A new method is presented for determination of the acute toxicity of chemicals and effluents to larvae of the freshwater anostracanStreptocephalus proboscideus(Frauenfeld), using resting eggs (cysts) as the source of test organisms. The larvae are obtained by controlled hatching of standard reference eggs. For the testing laboratory, this procedure eliminates all the difficulties ...
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Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: Relating fiber concentrations to toxicity—part I
Use of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers as a dose metric for toxicity testing was evaluated for hydrophobic pesticides to the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test compounds included p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'‐DDT), p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'‐DDD), p,p'‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'‐DDE), permethrin, bifenthrin, ...
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Toxicity Monitoring of the Scheldt and Meuse Rivers in Wallonia (Belgium) by Conventional Tests and Microbiotests
Abstract : The Microtox acute toxicity test using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, was chosen as a complementary descriptive parameter of toxic pollution in the framework of monitoring surface water quality in Wallonia, Belgium. In order to examine the samples on a routine basis, ensure a cost-effective approach adapted to the dilution effects, and enhance the sensitivity of the system, ...
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Does insecticide drift adversely affect grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Saltatoria) in field margins? A case study combining laboratory acute toxicity testing with field monitoring data
The current terrestrial risk assessment of insecticides regarding nontarget arthropods considers exclusively beneficial organisms, whereas herbivorous insects, such as grasshoppers, are ignored. However, grasshoppers living in field margins or meadows adjacent to crops may potentially be exposed to insecticides due to contact or ingestion of contaminated food. Therefore, the present study ...
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Comparison of Ukrainian Standard Methods and New Microbiotests for Water Toxicity Assessment
Abstract : The incorporation of new microbiotests in Ukrainian environmental legislation for toxicity assessment of natural and waste waters is of great practical interest. In order to determine the usefulness of some of these new microbiotests, comparative experiments have been carried out on the sensitivity of 2 Toxkit tests with the crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, ...
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Canadian Application of Microbiotests to assess the Toxic Potential of Complex Liquid and Solid Media
Abstract :Microbiotesting activities comprise one important approach to address the issue of chemical contamination and its potential impacts on water quality and biota of receiving aquatic ecosystems. Under the second Saint-Lawrence River Action Plan (1993-1998), the Centre Saint-Laurent (Environment Canada, Québec Region, Montréal) continued its development and application of ...
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Evaluation of the test of significant toxicity for determining the toxicity of effluents and ambient water samples
The test of significant toxicity (TST) is a hypothesis‐testing approach based on bioequivalence developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for analyzing whole‐effluent toxicity (WET) and ambient toxicity data. The present study compares results of acute and chronic toxicity tests of effluent, storm‐water, and ambient (i.e., receiving‐water) samples using both the TST and ...
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Quantitative risk assessment for contaminated sites in Spain
Environmental Quantitative Risk Assessment is one of the key factors in the Decision Making Process for contaminated sites. Numerous decisions have to be made before, during and after conducting a quantitative risk assessment.Risk assessment is based on the information gathered previously: Historical information (Phase I) Site characterization (Phase II) Toxicological ...
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